Impacts of cadmium addition on the alteration of microbial community and transport of antibiotic resistance genes in oxytetracycline contaminated soil

The large-scale development in livestock feed industry has increased the chances of antibiotics and heavy metals contamination in the soil. The fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and microbial community in heavy metals and antibiotic contaminated soil is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of cadmium (Cd) addition on the transport of ARGs, microbial community and human pathogenic bacteria in oxytetracycline (OTC) contaminated soil. Results showed that the addition of OTC significantly increased the abundance of ARGs and intI1 in the soil and lettuce tissues. The addition of Cd to OTC treated soil further increased the abundance and translocation of ARGs and intI1. Moreover, Cd promoted the transfer of potential human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) into lettuce tissues. Compared with O10 treatment, the addition of Cd decreased the concentration of OTC in soil and lettuce tissue, but slightly increased the fresh weight of lettuce tissues. Redundancy analysis indicated that bacterial community succession is a major factor in ARGs variation. Network analysis indicated that the main host bacteria of ARGs were mainly derived from Proteobacteria. Correlation analysis showed that intI1 was significantly correlated with tetG, tetC, sul1, sul2, ermX, and ermQ. Meanwhile, potential HPB (Clostridium, and Burkholderia) was significantly correlated with intI1 and eight ARGs (tetG, tetC, tetW, tetX, sul1, sul2, ermX, and ermQ.). The findings of this study suggest that the addition of heavy metals to agricultural fields must be considered in order to reduce the transfer of ARGs in the soil and crops.     

纳米酸性水钠锰矿去除亚甲基蓝的研究

酸性水钠锰矿是普遍存在于土壤与海洋、湖泊及河流沉积物中的一种氧化锰矿物,因其颗粒细小、比表面积大、负电荷量高、表面活性强,影响和决定着污染物的行为和归趋。采用回流法制备纳米酸性水钠锰矿,运用X射线衍射(XRD)与Rietveld粉末衍射峰形全谱拟合技术表征其晶体结构,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜表征(TEM)观察其晶体形貌。研究纳米酸性水钠锰矿对亚甲基蓝(Methylene Blue,MB)的去除作用,并讨论影响因素(p H值、矿物浓度、染料浓度和温度)对MB去除的影响。研究结果表明,降低反应p H值、升高锰氧化物浓度、降低染料浓度及升高反应温度都可以促进MB的去除。     

新乡市环境质量变化原因及应对措施

通过对比分析新乡市2011年与2010年的监测数据,发现：环境空气质量、地表水河流控制断面有污染加重的趋势;气象条件、经济形势低迷、机动车尾气排放、交通干道堵塞是引起空气质量变化的原因;引起地表水质量变化的原因包括没有新鲜水源补给、结构性污染严重、其他城市来水污染、污水处理厂没有脱氮除磷设施。由此,提出了严格实行总量预算管理、转变经济增长方式、加强政府干预、加大环境监管、加强基础设施建设、河渠综合整治的改善环境质量的对策建议。     

不同氮源对海洋卡盾藻生长和硝酸还原酶活性的影响

在实验室条件下,研究了不同氮源对海洋卡顿藻(Chattonella marina)生长和藻细胞硝酸还原酶活性(NRA)的影响.结果表明,海洋卡盾藻可以有效利用无机氮源,如NH4Cl、NaNO3、NaNO2,对有机氮源如尿素、甘氨酸和1,4-丁二胺盐酸盐也有一定的利用能力,但不能有效利用丙氨酸.海洋卡顿藻的生长速率与营养盐的同化速率不一致,存在一定的滞后效应,最大比生长率可达到0.7 d-1.藻细胞硝酸还原酶活性在以NaNO3为氮源时,藻细胞酶活性(NRAmax)最大,为20.6 fmol/(min·cell).     

污染源自动监测监控系统国内外研究进展

摘要：随着工业技术的不断发展,新的水环境污染不断涌现出来,水环境问题成为一个不可忽视的社会问题,水环境可持续发展已经成为一个国家发展的重要基础,污染源监督性监测作为环保各项工作的数据来源,污染度量及环境决策与管理的依据,在环保工作中具有重要作用。因此,研究水质在线监测具有重要的意义和实用价值。     

昆仑山8.1级地震后效应探讨与地震异常分析

2001年11月14日,在青海昆仑山口西沿近东西向断裂发生了Ms8.1巨大地震,地震造成近东西走向地表断裂带长达350公里,锦州台体应变记到8.1级地震波动长达10个小时,可见8.1地震释放能量的巨大.它必然加速附近地区的应力积累,引发较近地区地震的快速发生,也会激发周边发生远震效应.历次震例表明,强震前后的地震活动,形变及其他地球物理场的变化往往是大范围的,提出一种大尺度的地震孕育过程模式显然是需要的[1].     

聚氨酯(PU)合成革废水及处理工艺研究

通过分析聚氨酯(PU)合成革工艺及其废水水质特点,探讨废水中的污染因子和危害,重点提出了生物法、物化法+生化法、化学法、膜生物反应器(MBR)四种处理工艺,并提出处理合成革废水的建设性意见。     

The occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in fluoropolymer raw materials and products made in China

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), its salts, and related compounds were listed as new persistent organic pollutants by the Stockholm Convention in 2019. In this study, the occurrence of residues of PFOA and other per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in raw materials and fluoropolymer products from the Chinese fluoropolymer industries are reported for the first time. The PFOA concentrations in raw materials and fluoropolymer products were in the range of 6.7 to 1.1 × 10⁶ ng/g, and <MDL (method detection limit) to 5.3 × 10³ ng/g, respectively. Generally, the levels of PFOA in raw materials were higher than in products, implying that PFOA in the emulsion/dispersion resin could be partly removed during the polymerization or post-processing steps. By tracking a company's polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) production line, it was found that over a 5 year period, the residual levels of PFOA in emulsion samples declined from 1.1 × 10⁶ to 28.4 ng/g, indicating that the contamination of PFOA in fluoropolymer products from production source gradually decreased after its use had been discontinued. High concentrations of HFPO-TrA (2.7 × 10⁵ to 8.2 × 10⁵ ng/g) were detected in some emulsion samples indicating this alternative has been widely applied in fluoropolymer manufacturing in China.     

Spatial and temporal distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface water from Liaohe River Basin,northeast China

Liaohe River Basin is an important region in northeast China, which consists of several main rivers including Liao River, Taizi river, Daliao River, and Hun River. As a highly industrialized region, the basin receives dense waste discharges, causing severe environmental problems. In this study, the spatial and temporal distribution of aqueous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Liaohe River Basin from 50 sampling sites in both dry (May) and level (October) periods in 2012 was investigated. Sixteen USEPA priority PAHs were quantified by gas chromatography/mass selective detector. The total PAH concentration ranged from 111.8 to 2,931.6 ng/L in the dry period and from 94.8 to 2766.0 ng/L in the level period, respectively. As for the spatial distribution, the mean concentration of PAHs followed the order of Taizi River > Daliao River > Hun River > Liao River, showing higher concentrations close to large cities with dense industries. The composition and possible sources of PAHs in the water samples were also determined. The fractions of low molecular weight PAHs ranged from 58.2 to 93.3 %, indicating the influence of low or moderate temperature combustion process. Diagnostic ratios, principal component analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to study the possible source categories in the study area, and consistent results were obtained from different techniques, that PAHs in water samples mainly originated from complex sources, i.e., both pyrogenic and petrogenic sources. The benzo[a]pyrene equivalents (EBaP) characterizing the ecological risk of PAHs to the aquatic environment suggested that PAHs in Liaohe River Basin had already caused environmental health risks.     

厌氧、缺氧、好氧多级交替SBR脱氮除磷试验研究

以实际生活污水为研究对象,采用厌氧、缺氧、好氧多级交替序批式反应器(SBR)工艺,通过曝气时间、交替次数的凋整对该系统的脱氮除磷效果进行了研究,最终将工艺确定为厌氧1.5 h-好氧1.0h-缺氧1.0h-好氧20 min-缺氧 1.0 h-好氧20min.试验结果表明:该系统与传统的SBR相比节省了44%的曝气量,且对COD、TN、TP去除率分别达85%、78%、99.5%,同时发现曝气过程 NO2-N和NO3-N的累积可能会对好氧吸磷产生抑制作用.