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31.
监测水体重金属污染的分子生物标志物研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
水体重金属污染具有持久性、高度危害性和难治理性,如何快速、准确监测并对其进行科学评价,成为当今环境科学关心的热点问题。大量研究表明,水生生物体内某些生理指标的变化可以反映水体重金属的污染程度。综述了乙酰胆碱酯酶、抗氧化防御系统、腺苷三磷酸、DNA损伤以及金属硫蛋白等几种分子水平上的生物标志物监测重金属污染的原理、国内外研究进展以及应用现状。认为分子生物标志物具有特异性、敏感性等优势,可以较快指示水体重金属污染对生物体的影响,在实际应用中需注意各种干扰因素。在进行野外研究时,要注重混合重金属与多途径暴露下,分子生物标志物的变化规律。生物体之间差异性会导致标志物在同样暴露条件下产生不同的变化规律,需要加强"离体"标志物和"标准化"标志物的研究,确保监测结果的可靠性和可重复性。生物标志物较为敏感,容易受到外界环境及体内生理因素影响,可考虑综合运用多种生物标志物指示重金属污染。目前,有关重金属对水生生物毒性效应的研究较多,但重金属对生物体的致毒机理方面研究并不深入,这将是今后研究的重点问题之一。 相似文献
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某针织印染厂年产3000吨针织高档服装布料,排放的生产废水中含有大量的有机物,COD、BOD5、色度浓度比较高。该厂选择了"厌氧水解酸化+接触氧化法+活性炭吸附"处理工艺。该工艺采用厌氧水解酸化处理工艺进行前期处理,去除大部分有机物,减轻了后续接触氧化处理工艺的压力,同时通过活性碳过滤进行脱色,达到较好的处理效果。运行结果表明,经该工艺处理后,废水中的COD、BOD5、色度等指标均能达标排放,有利于企业的可持续发展。 相似文献
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Allelopathic inhibition on red tide microalgae Skeletonema costatum by five macroalgal extracts 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zhen An Zhenyu Wang Fengmin Li Zhijia Tian Hongying Hu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2008,2(3):297-305
This study aims to identify effective antialgal allelochemicals from marine macroalgae that inhibit the growth of red tide
microalgae. Practically, new algicidal agents were developed to control red tide. The growth inhibitory effects of 5 marine
macroalgae Porphyra tenera, Laminaria japonica, Ulva pertusa, Enteromorpha clathrata, and Undaria pinnatifida on Skeletonema costatum were evaluated by adding crude seawater extracts of macroalgal dry tissue into the culture medium containing S. costatum. The half-effective concentrations at 120 h (EC50, 120 h) of the seawater extracts were 0.6, 0.9, 1.0, 1.0, and 4.7 g/L for the five macroalgae above, respectively. E. clathrata, L. japonica and U. pertusa showed strong allelopathic effect on the growth of S. costatum. There have been no previous reports with regard to the allelopathic effects of the former two macroalgae so far. The possible
allelochemicals of 21 compounds of the E. clathrata were detected using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Unsaturated fatty acids, acrylic acid (C3H4O2), and linolenic acid (C18H30O2) were the most likely allelochemicals in E. clathrata. 相似文献
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为有效应对大客流情景下人群拥挤对地铁站正常运行带来的影响,采用社会力模型和Anylogic仿真软件,对地铁站大客流疏散能力进行建模和分析,从客观、主观、管理视角分析影响客流疏散能力的因素,基于改进社会力模型刻画行人行为,分析影响地铁车站疏散能力的3个关键因素,并以南宁地铁1号线朝阳广场站为背景进行研究。研究结果表明:行人密度是影响地铁站疏散能力的关键因素,出入口选择策略和行人亲属关系比例对疏散能力影响显著,研究结果可为地铁客流疏散提出针对性建议。 相似文献
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Zhenyu Wang Shengfang Wen Baoshan Xing Dongmei Gao Fengmin Li 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2008,2(3):274-279
A series of pot experiments with Alternanthera philoxeroides, Typha latifolia, Sagittaria sagittifolia and Phragmites communis were conducted to assess the phosphorus depletion effect in the rhizosphere. The ratio of root to shoot, root morphology, phosphorus uptake efficiency and phosphorus utilization efficiency were analyzed. An obvious variation in phosphorus concentrations between the rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil was observed. The water-soluble P contents in the rhizosphere soil of A. philoxeroides, T. latifolia, S. sagittifolia and P. communis were reduced by 81%, 42%, 18% and 16%, respectively, compared with that in the non-rhizosphere soil. A. philoxeroides had the highest phosphorus uptake efficiency (1.32 mg/m), while T. latifolia achieved the effective phosphorus depletion by the strong rooting system and the high phosphorus uptake efficiency (0.52 mg/m). T. latifolia not only used phosphorus to produce biomass economically, but also adjusted carbon allocation to the roots to explore the soil for more available phosphorus. A. philoxeroides and T. latifolia were more effective in depleting phosphorus in the rhizosphere than S. sagittifolia and P. communis. 相似文献
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ZHANG Yan GAO Xiang ZHONG Zhenyu PENG Buzhuo DENG Xihai 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2008,2(3):370
Through the use of general sampling and measurement by 137 Cs dating, problems regarding the absence of monitoring data can easily be resolved. Further, weighted values need to be determined while Environment Quality Comprehensive Index (EQCI) is commonly used as applied in environmental quality comprehensive evaluation. In order to overcome the subjectivity in determining weights, the modified Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was designed. The modified AHP method involved the following key procedures: First, the parameters yi1 and yi2 were calculated based on the monitoring data; second, the factors were put in order according to the symbol and value of yi1 and yi2; third, the continuous odd integers, which represented the importance of factors, were given to factors according to their seating order; and, fourth, the factor weights were determined from the pair-wise comparison matrix calculated by the ratio of the given odd integers. Therefore, the weights were completely based on the monitoring data. In the present study, the comprehensive quality of sediments in five sections of Lake Dianchi were evaluated and the results indicated that the current contamination of sediments in each lake section is much more serious than at any other time in history. 相似文献
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