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981.
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简要回顾了海上溢油污染概况,介绍了国内外溢油鉴别方法:气相色谱法、气相色谱-质谱法、荧光光谱法、红外光谱法等,指出了未来海上溢油指纹鉴别技术的发展方向。 相似文献
984.
Ferrate(VI) salt is an oxidant and coagulant for water and wastewater treatment. It is considered as a possible alternative method in greywater treatment. However, challenges have existed in putting ferrate(VI) technology into full-scale practice in water and wastewater treatment due to the instability of ferrate solution and high production cost of solid ferrate products. This study demonstrated a new approach of greywater treatment with on-line batch production of Fe(VI) to which Fe(III) salt was oxidized at a weak acidity solution. A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of Fe(VI) on light greywater (total organic carbon (TOC) = 19.5 mg/L) and dark greywater (TOC = 55 mg/L) treatment under different conditions with varying pH and Fe(VI) doses. In addition, the combination use of Fe(VI) and Al(III) salts was proved to be more efficient than using the Fe(VI) salts alone at greywater recycling. The optimum dosage of Fe(VI)/Al(III) salts was 25/25 mg/L for light greywater, 90/60 mg/L for dark greywater, respectively. The TOC values of both light greywater and dark greywater were reduced to less than 3 mg/L with the dosages. The cost for treating greywater was 0.06–0.2 $/ton at ferrate(VI) dosage of 25–90 mg/L and 0.008–0.024 $/ton at AlCl3 dosage of 25–60 mg/L. The full operating cost needs further assessment before the Fe(VI)/Al(III) technology could be implemented in greywater treatment. 相似文献
985.
Lining Wang Wenying Chen Hongjun Zhang Ding Ma 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2017,22(4):609-628
Significant international collaboration is required to limit global temperature increase to below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels. Equity is the foundation of cooperation, and therefore, this study proposed a new dynamic carbon permit allocation scheme based on four principles: equality, historical responsibility, capability, and future development opportunities. Decision makers could have different preferences for allocating carbon permits, therefore, four equity rules or indicators (equality, responsibility, capacity, and sovereignty) were assigned different weights. Based on the global carbon budget of the 2 °C target, emission permits were calculated and relevant economic implications analyzed using the Global Change Assessment Model. Results indicated that developed countries should reduce emissions immediately, while allowances for developing regions could permit an initial increase in emissions until peaking. Applying different weights to the indicators resulted in multifarious regional allowances. Developed regions would benefit from the “preferring sovereignty” scenario and most developing countries would benefit under the “preferring responsibility” and “preferring capacity” scenarios. Compared with the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, this study found that in the short term, developed countries might insist on sovereignty as the preferred indicator. However, preferring sovereignty would place substantial mitigation pressures on developing countries in the long term. Therefore, in addressing global climate change, a dynamic choice in the weighting distribution for different indicators might be conducive to international agreement. Furthermore, a market-based trading instrument could help all participants both mitigate global climate change by reducing regional and global costs and facilitate mitigation capital flow from developed to less developed regions. 相似文献
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987.
利用快速溶剂提取-高效液相色谱-紫外/荧光检测器串联的方式检测土壤中16种多环芳烃,重点优化了梯度洗脱程序和紫外荧光检测波长程序,优化后的方法检出限在0.2~7.8μg/kg,回收率在88%~113%之间.对临沂某化工企业四周1000米以内的20个土壤样品进行了检测,结果发现,多环芳烃总量范围为27.4~553μg/kg,平均值为120μg/kg,参照Maliszewska-Kordybach建议的欧洲土壤中多环芳烃污染程度分级方法,在检测的20个土壤样品中有3个样品属于轻度污染,其他属于无污染. 相似文献
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介绍了HAZOP分析在高含硫气田开发生产中的应用情况,探讨了HAZOP分析方法在应用过程中存在的问题,提出了对策措施和建议。 相似文献