旋流塔板叶片仰角对湿钙法烟气脱硫过程的影响

实验研究了旋流塔板叶片仰角对钙基湿法烟气脱硫工艺的影响。结果表明 ,一般情况下 ,叶片仰角增大 ,脱硫率有所下降 ,塔的运行稳定性有所下降 ,结垢有所增加。因此 ,在将麻石水膜除尘器改造成旋流板塔脱硫除尘系统的过程中 ,增大叶片仰角的同时一定要考虑脱硫率的下降问题。     

Urea hydrolysis and recovery of nitrogen and phosphorous as MAP from stale human urine

Laboratory-scale tests for magnesium ammonium phosphate(MAP)precipitation following urea hydrolysis of human urine were conducted using orthogonal experiment design.The effects of initial pH,temperature and the volumetric ratios of stale urine to fresh urine,on urea hydrolysis in urine were studied to determine the final hydrolysis time to recover most nitrogen from separated human urine by MAP.With a volumetric ratio of stale to fresh urine>10% and at temperature≥20℃,urea hydrolysis could be completed i...     

火电厂对城市空气质量的影响模拟

运用美国ISC3复合工业源模型模拟高井发电厂大气环境影响 ,结果表明 :该厂大气污染物排放的主要影响地区在石景山西北部和门头沟东部 ,丰台西北部和海淀西北部也受到一定影响 ,对老城区影响较小。SO2 、PM1 0 和NOX 年均浓度最大值分别为 2 4 36、1 35、10 30 μg m3,分别占空气质量二级标准的 4 1%、1 35 %、13%。可见 ,高井发电厂对周边区域SO2 浓度影响较大 ,对NOX 也有一定影响 ,对PM1 0 的影响较小。     

基于复杂性科学的区域环境研究方法和策略的探讨--以大徐州地区的环境问题研究为例

环境科学涉及到诸多领域，相关学科间的交叉、融合使环境科学研究日趋复杂，这种复杂性在大范围、长时间的环境研究中表现得尤为突出。对这类复杂的大区域的环境研究要从指导思想、研究方法、研究策略上进行改进，要从根本上寻求解决之道。笔者首先阐述了大区域环境研究的复杂性，探讨了研究的理论基础，最后以大徐州地区的环境问题为例，提出了研究策略。     

周边式二次沉淀池流态的计算模拟研究

通过计算模拟二沉池流态,解决了二沉池流态测定的难题,该模拟方法速度快、精度高、不需要实型池.通过对实际池的计算发现,周边式二沉池上溢流集中在靠池周边的区域,以垂直向上的流线为主,池中心上部存在着较大的水流死区,由此解释了该类型池澄清能力小的原因.     

城市道路交通电噪声场强的测量与分析

通过对城市道路交通电噪声场强的测量与分析,掌握其电磁污染的程度与特性,为电磁环境管理提供科学依据.     

"事故"和"隐患"术语的解析与思考

为理清"事故""隐患"的边界范围,本文对"事故"和"隐患"2个术语在中文、法规、标准中的定义进行检索,并对其定义解构化分析,得出现有定义及其应用过程中存在诸多不足,甚至会对安全生产决策、监管执法和企业自主管控产生负向影响.结合理论分析和实践应用,给出"事故""隐患""缺陷"3个术语的定义;根据每个定义的内涵,提出遵循差异化管控原则实施安全生产风险分级管控的思路和方法.     

不同类型洗消剂用于甲醇泄漏应急处置的对比研究

在小型模拟泄漏箱中,对细水雾、活性炭粉和泡沫3种洗消剂用于甲醇泄漏应急处置的有效性进行了实验研究。结果表明,在洗消剂用量为泄漏甲醇质量3倍的条件下,细水雾的洗消率可达70%以上,但箱体中的甲醇蒸气浓度快速回升;活性炭粉的洗消率仅为40%,但甲醇蒸气浓度回升幅度较小;泡沫的洗消率在90%以上,且甲醇蒸气浓度回升较慢。3种洗消剂施加后均不能使箱底的液态甲醇固化,流动的液体甲醇存在着扩大污染区域的潜在风险。采用干粉和泡沫联合洗消是甲醇泄漏应急处置的有效手段,对甲醇蒸气的洗消率达95%以上,并可使箱底的液态甲醇迅速凝固,抑制甲醇蒸气的二次挥发,克服了单一洗消剂使用时的不足,实现了两者的优势互补。     

Characteristics and ozone formation potential of volatile organic compounds in emissions from a typical Chinese coking plant

Coking industry is an important volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission source in China, however, detailed information on VOCs emissions is lacking. Therefore, we selected a typical mechanized coking plant and collected air samples according to the Emission Standard of Pollutants for Coking Chemical Industry (GB16171-2012). Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method, we analyzed the VOCs in the air samples, and applied maximum increment reactivity (MIR) rule to estimate ozone formation potential (OFP) of the VOCs emitted from the coke production. More than 90 VOCs species were detected from the coking plant, including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons and oxygenated VOCs. The concentrations of VOCs (ρ(VOCs)) generated at different stages of the coking process are significantly different. ρ(VOCs) from coke oven chimney had the highest concentration (87.1 mg/m³), followed by coke pushing (4.0 mg/m³), coal charging (3.3 mg/m³) and coke oven tops (1.1 mg/m³). VOCs species emitted from the coke production processes were dominated by alkanes and alkenes, but the composition proportions were different at the different stages. Alkenes were the most abundant emission species in flue gases of the coke oven chimney accounting for up to 66% of the total VOCs, while the VOCs emissions from coke pushing and coal charging were dominated by alkanes (36% and 42%, respectively), and the alkanes and alkenes emitted from coke oven top were similar (31% and 29%, respectively). Based on above results, reduction of VOCs emissions from coke oven chimney flue gases is suggested to be an effective measure, especially for alkenes.     

大气PM2.5及高脂饮食对哮喘发病影响的研究进展

大气PM_2.5暴露与呼吸系统疾病密切相关,高脂饮食是哮喘的诱因之一.近年来,哮喘发病率在我国呈上升趋势.对大气PM_2.5、高脂饮食及二者协同作用对哮喘发病的影响进行探讨,为哮喘的干预和治疗提供新思路.总结了PM_2.5暴露与高脂饮食对哮喘的影响以及哮喘的发病机制:①颗粒物暴露可引发机体炎症反应,增加哮喘发病风险;②高脂饮食可通过代谢活化机体内免疫相关信号通路,导致炎症发生;③二者均会通过MyD88/TLRs信号通路和Th1/Th2机制对哮喘炎症产生影响.研究显示,PM_2.5与高脂饮食对哮喘的作用机制具有一致性,二者对人群的健康影响可能具有协同作用.