Numerical simulation and study on the transmission law of flame and pressure wave of pipeline gas explosion

Based on FLUENT simulation software, the laws of transmission of flame and pressure wave in pipeline gas explosion were studied. It turned out that, the maximum pressure value of the explosion point is not the maximum value of the whole explosion process; the maximum pressure value of the pressure wave lowers firstly near the explosion point, then rises to a peak, and then drops gradually; two waves divide the space in the pipeline into three sections during the gas explosion transmission. The result is basically consistent between numerical simulation and experiment, and the conclusion from the simulation provides theoretical basis for research on explosion-proof and suppression devices for underground gas pipeline, as well as for technical regulations of installation.     

云南电网防范自然灾害风险预警系统设计

为了防范自然灾害对云南电网所产生的危害,笔者在收集处理相关数据后建立了防范自然灾害的模型,并根据受灾模型、风险评估模型等建立了数据库,通过GIS软件设计出风险预警系统。本文重点从重大地质灾害风险点的监测预警解决方案、基于气象降雨量的地质灾害预警解决方案、软件系统功能模块、软件系统特点等方面进行分析与设计该系统。     

纳米材料对污水/污泥厌氧消化系统影响的研究进展

随着纳米技术的广泛应用,越来越多的纳米材料进入污水/污泥中,对污水/污泥的厌氧消化过程产生一定的影响。综述了纳米材料特性利用在厌氧消化过程中产生的影响(吸附还原重金属,作为电子供体提高厌氧消化效能,降解难降解有机物,减少硫化氢等),以及纳米材料可能对厌氧消化系统微生物的影响(释放金属离子毒性,通过吸附作用包被微生物细胞,破坏细胞膜,引起遗传物质损伤等)。提出最大限度降低纳米材料对厌氧消化系统微生物危害以及利用纳米材料特性促进污水/污泥厌氧消化过程的可行性。     

数字电视图像讯号压缩技术

本文叙述了数字电视图像之优缺点,并较重点阐明数字电视图像讯号压缩的必要性和可能性,以及目前常用的几种压缩方式和压缩技术.     

清洁生产审计在井下生产作业中的应用

长庆石油勘探局于2003年在多个生产作业领域开展了清洁生产审核试点工作,文中对井下作业试油A队的清洁生产审计工作进行了分析和阐述。通过清洁生产审计,摸清了试油A队的生产、能耗、产污和排污现状,得出了9个可行的非投资、低费方案和2个中、高费方案,并全部实施。该项工作使全队员工的清洁生产意识明显提高,生产环境进一步改观,达到了审计的目标,取得的两项技术专利有一定的推广价值。对于持续的清洁生产审计,将在以后的的工作中继续进行试点,以不断完善清洁生产审计制度及相应的标准。     

凹凸棒石/氧化锌纳米复合材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

采用化学沉淀法在凹凸棒石的表面负载纳米氧化锌合成了凹凸棒石/氧化锌(ATP/ZnO)纳米复合材料.同时,研究了亚甲基蓝在纳米复合材料上的吸附行为,并从热力学和动力学角度探讨了吸附作用机理.吸附实验表明:纳米复合材料对亚甲基蓝有优异的吸附能力;纳米复合材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附热力学符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,最大吸附量可达110.50mg·g-1,吸附焓变为18.69kJ·mol-1,吸附自由能变为-33.06～-22.74kJ·mol-1,吸附熵变约为146J.mol-1.K-1,是一个自发的吸热过程;纳米复合材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程,速率常数随着溶液初始浓度的提高而下降.     

土壤重金属污染危害及生物修复技术研究

文章阐明了土壤重金属污染的危害与污染土壤的生物修复技术研究现状扣国外生物修复技术的最新研究内容和方法。系统介绍了重金属污染土壤生物修复的概念、生物修复特点及其机制、类型,重点论述了植物、微生物、动物对重金属污染土壤的修复技术方面的研究进展。最后对生物修复的发展前景进行展望,并在此基础上提出了一些见解和看法,为今后该方面的研究提供参考。     

地理信息系统在环境应急处置中的应用

目前中国已进入环境污染事故的高发期,有效防控环境污染突发事故的形式十分严峻。本文阐述了环境应急处置系统的一般特点,处置工作内容与功能需求以及信息需求,并进一步探讨了地理信息系统技术应用于环境事故应急处置时所能发挥的重要功能、优势极其功能。     

Changes in soil fertility parameters and the environmental effects in a rapidly developing region of China

An extensive knowledge of the temporal variability of soil fertility parameters and how this variation affects the environment is imperative to a wide range of disciplines within agricultural science for optimal crop production and ecosystem preservation. This paper examines the temporal variability of soil pH, organic matter (OM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (P_Av), and available potassium (K_Av) on Cambosols (Entisols) (n = 179) and Anthrosols (Inceptisols) (n = 95) in Zhangjiagang County, China from 1980 to 2004. Nutrient input was monitored from 1983 to 2004. Annual N fertilizer rates were significantly different during three periods (1983–1989, 1989–1999, 1999–2004), where annual rates increased significantly after 1989 and then decreased after 1999. Annual P fertilizer rates were significantly different during two periods (1983–1993, 1993–2004) where annual rates increased after 1993. No change was found in K fertilizer rates. Soil pH marginally increased by 0.14 units in Cambosols, but significantly decreased by 1.02 units in Anthrosols. OM, CEC, and TN increased in both soil orders an average of 2.15 g kg^?1, 1.6 cmol kg^?1, and 0.21 g kg^?1, respectively. TP decreased in Anthrosols by 70 mg kg^?1, P_Av increased in Cambosols by 4.83 mg kg^?1, and K_Av decreased in Cambosols by 15 mg kg^?1. Fertilizer input rates are causing nutrient imbalances, contributing to acidification in Anthrosols, and decreasing C/N ratios. Nutrient loading of N and deficiency of K is also a potential problem in the area. Efforts should be made to readjust soil nutrient inputs to reach an optimal, sustainable level.     

不同挺水植物在生活污水中生长量及去污能力比较研究

以千屈菜、香根草、芦苇、香蒲、美人蕉、水葱、风车草7种常见挺水植物为对象,研究了在生活污水中进行培养的植物生长量和氮磷积累量差异以及改善水质指标的能力差异。结果表明:芦苇和美人蕉的生长量显著高于其他植物,美人蕉的氮磷积累量最高,美人蕉和芦苇对污水的综合处理效果最好。