电梯PAR安全信息流管理模型构建及应用

为从安全信息视角分析电梯全生命周期过程中事故致因因素,并在实践中提升电梯安全管理水平,基于PAR事故致因模型开展电梯安全信息管理研究。以安全信息为主线,安全感知-安全分析-安全应答(PAR)安全行为链为关键点,建立电梯PAR安全信息流管理模型。基于电梯PAR安全信息流管理模型的逻辑架构建立电梯信息综合监管服务体系,将模型的信息服务形式具体化。并运用电梯PAR安全信息流管理模型对典型电梯事故进行分析。研究结果表明：电梯PAR安全信息流管理模型能够全面分析各层级失误模式,提升各主体协同治理能力。电梯信息综合监管服务体系可打破电梯领域信息“孤岛”现状,对智慧电梯建设具有重要理论指导意义。     

CNG2气瓶爆破机理分析与自紧压力优化设计

针对CNG2气瓶频繁出现安全事故,以及相关国家标准尚未给出设计公式、计算方法和如何确定自紧压力的现状,分析讨论了CNG2气瓶的失效模式及机理,并考虑内胆材料的非线性和几何大变形,建立了三维非线性有限元分析模型,对内胆和复合层应力分布进行机理分析,提出以尽可能降低内胆在工作压力下的Von-Mises应力幅值为判据可以确定CNG2气瓶的最佳自紧压力。     

餐饮行业活动水平调查及大气污染物排放清单编制研究

餐饮行业是重要的大气污染源,但人们对其实际存在状况、活动水平及排放量的了解有限.以菏泽市为例,采用逐户摸排的方式获得辖区内餐饮单位的基本状况,最终建立餐饮行业的大气污染物排放清单.结果表明:①菏泽市餐饮单位共9 259家,其中大型、中型、小型餐饮单位占比分别为4%、14%和82%,其分布与人口聚居及流动相关,空气质量数值模拟区域空气质量时应考虑这些因素.②餐饮单位的员工人数和餐位数均与表征单位规模的基准灶头数呈显著的相关关系,员工人数与基准灶头数的线性方程为y=2.5x1.3（R2为0.93）,餐位数与基准灶头数的线性方程为y=23.0x1.5（R2为0.98）,其丰富了表征餐饮单位规模的手段.③在全部被调查的餐饮单位中,安装油烟净化设备的仅占45%,大型、中型、小型餐饮单位安装油烟净化设备的占比分别为64%、59%、41%,其相应的油烟净化率算术平均值分别为52.8%、49.1%、32.1%,表明餐饮单位规模越大越重视油烟的净化.④菏泽市餐饮行业污染主要来自于油烟排放及燃料使用2个部分,其中,SO₂、NO_x、NH₃和CO主要来源于燃料使用,而PM₁₀、PM_2.5、VOCs（挥发性有机物）、BC（黑碳）、OC（有机碳）则来源于燃料使用和油烟排放,并且油烟排放的贡献较高.⑤餐饮行业的能源结构中气体燃料占比（76%）较大,液体燃料、煤、生物质占比分别为6%、11%、7%,电能占比不足1%.研究显示,餐饮油烟排放控制的重点在于油烟净化设备的普及、能力维护及运行保障,因此有关部门需加强监管力度.      

Sources and characteristics of fine particles over the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea using online single particle aerosol mass spectrometer

Marine aerosols over the East China Seas are heavily polluted by continental sources. During the Chinese Comprehensive Ocean Experiment in November 2012, size and mass spectra of individual atmospheric particles in the size range from 0.2 to 2.0 μm were measured on board by a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer(SPAMS). The average hourly particle number(PN)was around 4560 ± 3240 in the South Yellow Sea(SYS), 2900 ± 3970 in the North Yellow Sea(NYS), and 1700 ± 2220 in the Bohai Sea(BS). PN in NYS and BS varied greatly over 3 orders of magnitude, while that in SYS varied slightly. The size distributions were fitted with two log-normal modes. Accumulation mode dominated in NYS and BS, especially during episodic periods. Coarse mode particles played an important role in SYS. Particles were classified using an adaptive resonance theory based neural network algorithm(ART-2a). Six particle types were identified with secondary-containing, aged sea-salt, soot-like, biomass burning, fresh sea-salt,and lead-containing particles accounting for 32%, 21%, 18%, 16%, 4%, and 3% of total PN,respectively. Aerosols in BS were relatively enriched in particles from anthropogenic sources compared to SYS, probably due to emissions from more developed upwind regions and indicating stronger influence of continental outflow on marine environment. Variation of source types depended mainly on origins of transported air masses. This study examined rapid changes in PN, size distribution and source types of fine particles in marine atmospheres. It also demonstrated the effectiveness of high-time-resolution source apportionment by ART-2a.     

鸭绿江口溶解态P、Si的地球化学研究

初步讨论了鸭绿江口溶解态 Ｐ、 Ｓｉ 的地球化学行为。与我国其他主要河流相比，鸭绿江口中的 Ｓｉ Ｏ２ －３含量较北方河流高，接近于南方河流水平，为９５２ μｍｏｌ／ Ｌ，这主要由上游流域盆地的气候及自然条件所决定。而 Ｐ Ｏ３ －４ 由于上游水库中浮游生物的消耗含量偏低，仅为０２０ μｍｏｌ／ Ｌ。鸭绿江口 Ｓｉ Ｏ２ －３ 的行为是保守的，主要受物理过程的影响； Ｐ Ｏ３ －４ 则表现出明显的再活化     

大气的干湿沉降及其对海洋生态系统的影响

对国内外学者近些年来在大气干、湿沉降方面的工作较为的综述；包括干湿沉降的采样方法。研究方法、主要结论。重点讨论了大气沉降对海洋生态系统的影响，特别与河流输送量的对比，指出：大气干湿沉降对某些海工的初级生产较之河流而言膛可忽视的作用，氮的输送马湿沉降为主，而磷的输送尚待进一步研究。最后提出了大气干湿沉降今后可可能的若干研究文献。     

温度和光照对红花檵木和南天竹异戊二烯和单萜烯释放的影响

植物是生物源挥发性有机化合物(Biogenic volatile organic compounds,BVOCs)的最主要来源,城市绿色植物释放的BVOCs会影响城市大气组分,进而改变城市大气环境.本实验以红花檵木(Loropetalum chinense)和南天竹(Nandina domestica)为研究对象,调节温度(T)和光合有效辐射(PAR),测量两种植物主要BVOCs(异戊二烯(Isoprene,ISO)、单萜烯(Monoterpenes,MTs))的通量及光合参数.结果表明,在T=30℃、PAR=500μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)时,南天竹BVOCs释放速率大于红花檵木,分别为4916.51和3388.62 pmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),BVOCs释放种类以ISO为主,占BVOCs总量99.8%以上,MTs以α-蒎烯和3-蒈烯为主.ISO释放速率随温度升高而增加,35℃时达到最大值,红花檵木和南天竹分别为8436.48和15138.81 pmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),显著高于其他两种温度下ISO释放;而单萜烯在30℃时最大,分别为4.96和8.24 pmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),红花檵木单萜烯的释放受温度影响较为显著.PAR增加会显著促进两种植物ISO的释放,PAR=1000μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)时红花檵木和南天竹释放速率分别达3279.21和7355.17 pmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),而单萜烯释放在PAR为500μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)最高.温度和光照主要通过影响植物气孔导度和蒸腾速率等从而影响其BVOCs的释放,不同温度和光照处理下,异戊二烯释放碳占光合作用固定碳的0～3.28%.不同植物BVOCs释放对温度和光照响应的差异要求加强对城市绿色植物BVOCs释放的研究,以便为城市绿化树种选择及城市生态环境改善提供科学依据.     

SMBR法处理印染废水的膜污染减缓方法研究

针对SMBR法处理印染废水膜污染进行研究,从减缓膜污染的角度出发,通过实验得到了针对实验系统的膜污染的几个影响因素,确定了系统的临界压力和临界通量,并证明在临界压力和通量下膜污染明显减缓;膜组件倾斜于30°放置,压力增长缓慢;系统在临界压力0.015 MPa左右进行空曝气时,膜通量恢复了43%。     

引起红土表层硅铝比值增大原因的可能性探讨

Si/Al或SiO2 /R2 O3 常常作为表生化学风化作用强度的重要指标。随着化学风化作用的进行 ,硅铝比或硅铝铁率表现出逐渐降低的演化趋势。中国南方的红土风化壳 ,是强烈化学风化作用的产物 ,被认为处于或经历了脱硅富铝化阶段。但是在红土剖面上部常常出现该比值不降反升的现象 ,给运用这一指标指示化学风化强度带来了困难。通过对贵州平坝、新蒲及花溪碳酸盐岩红色风化壳化学风化程度的研究 ,以及对中国南方几种不同结晶母岩上发育的红土的化学风化强度指标的对比讨论 ,探讨了产生这种现象的可能性原因。指出Fe、Al氧化物的下渗和淋失作用及其硅质的相对富集是引起中国南方红土表层出现Si/Al和SiO2 /R2 O3升高的主要原因。     

Plankton community composition in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region revealed by PCR-DGGE and its relationships with environmental factors

To explore the relationships between community composition and the environment in a reservoir ecosystem, plankton communities from the Three Gorges Reservoir Region were studied by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting. Bacterial and eukaryotic operational taxonomic units （OTUs）, generated by DGGE analysis of the PCR-amplified 16S and 18S rRNA genes, were used as surrogates for the dominant ＂biodiversity units＂. OTU composition among the sites was heterogeneous; 46.7% of the total bacterial OTUs （45） and 64.1% of the eukaryotic OTUs （39） were identified in less than half of the sampling sites. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages （UPGMA） clustering of the OTUs suggested that the plankton communities in the Xiangxi Rive sites were not always significantly different from those from the Yangtze River sites, despite clear differences in their environmental characterizations. Canonical correspondence analysis （CCA） was applied to further investigate the relationships between OTU composition and the environmental factors. The first two CCA ordination axes suggested that the bacterial community composition was primarily correlated with the variables of NO3^--N, dissolved oxygen （DO）, and SiO3^2--Si, whereas, the eukaryotic community was mainly correlated with the concentrations of DO, PO4^3--P, and SiO3^2--Si.