Characterization of spatial impact of particles emitted from a cement material production facility on outdoor particle deposition in the surrounding community

The objective of this study was to estimate the contribution of a facility that processes steel production slag into raw material for cement production to local outdoor particle deposition in Camden, NJ. A dry deposition sampler that can house four 37-mm quartz fiber filters was developed and used for the collection of atmospheric particle deposits. Two rounds of particle collection (3-4 weeks each) were conducted in 8-11 locations 200-800 m downwind of the facility. Background samples were concurrently collected in a remote area located -2 km upwind from the facility. In addition, duplicate surface wipe samples were collected side-by-side from each of the 13 locations within the same sampling area during the first deposition sampling period. One composite source material sample was also collected from a pile stored in the facility. Both the bulk of the source material and the < 38 microm fraction subsample were analyzed to obtain the elemental source profile. The particle deposition flux in the study area was higher (24-83 mg/m2 x day) than at the background sites (13-17 mg/m2day). The concentration of Ca, a major element in the cement source production material, was found to exponentially decrease with increasing downwind distance from the facility (P < 0.05). The ratio of Ca/Al, an indicator of Ca enrichment due to anthropogenic sources in a given sample, showed a similar trend. These observations suggest a significant contribution of the facility to the local particle deposition. The contribution of the facility to outdoor deposited particle mass was further estimated by three independent models using the measurements obtained from this study. The estimated contributions to particle deposition in the study area were 1.8-7.4% from the regression analysis of the Ca concentration in particle deposition samples against the distance from the facility, 0-11% from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) source-receptor model, and 7.6-13% from the EPA Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST3) dispersion model using the particle-size-adjusted permit-based emissions estimates.     

城市生活污泥和矿化垃圾中氮磷淋失的模拟研究

通过模拟土柱实验,分析了城市生活污泥和矿化垃圾中氮磷的迁移对地下水的影响以及矿化垃圾对氮磷的去除特性.测定项目包括总磷、总氮、硝态氮、pH和电导率(EC).结果表明:施用污泥和矿化垃圾后淋滤液的pH呈下降趋势;EC和总氮都有显著增加;硝态氮增加特别明显,容易造成地下水污染;总磷变化不大,污染地下水的可能性较小.矿化垃圾对氮的去除作用不明显,反而增加了淋滤液中的氮素含量,但对磷的去除效果明显.因此,在利用矿化垃圾取代土壤时,应注意矿化垃圾中氮特别是硝态氮的污染.     

苯酚在饱水细砂土层中的迁移转化规律

本文研究苯酚在细砂土层中的迁移转化规律,包括静态吸附、降解及动态土柱实验三部分.实验结果用计算机进行线性拟合和参数估值.研究结果表明:细砂土对苯酚的吸附能力较差而降解能力较强;在好氧条件下,苯酚更易降解;水中存在的其它有机物在一定时间内会影响苯酚的降解,但随着微生物对苯酚逐渐适应,这种影响可被消除。     

大气污染物源—接受体关系的数值试验

设计了一个三维欧拉型大气污染物远距离输送的酸沉降模式。利用该模式进行数值试验,讨论污染源排放量的不同减少和背景浓度的不同变化对大气污染物酸沉降的影响。结果表明:污染源排放量和背景浓度对地面SO₂气相浓度和硫酸物湿沉降的影响是非线性的,当污染源中SO₂减少50%,NOx减少40%时,地面SO₂气相浓度最大减少率大于50%;仅仅减少大气污染物的背景浓度,地面SO₂气相浓度和硫酸物湿沉降略有减少,进一步减少污染源排放量,地面SO₂气相浓度和硫酸物湿沉降明显减少。      

基于走航监测的珠海市金湾区夏秋季大气VOCs污染特征

于2021年夏、秋季利用单光子电离飞行时间质谱仪（SPI-MS）在珠海市金湾环境空气自动站（以下简称“金湾站”）周边开展挥发性有机物（VOCs）走航观测。结果表明,金湾站周边大气中总VOCs（以TVOC表示）质量浓度为11.7～203μg/m³（5%～95%分位值浓度）,平均值为104μg/m³。烷烃在VOCs组成中占比最高（39.7%）,其次为芳香烃（30%）和含氧含氮烃（13.9%）。2021年秋季（9—11月）为ρ（TVOC）的主要高值时段,且在10—11月,芳香烃和含氧含氮烃对TVOC的贡献显著升高。臭氧（O₃）生成贡献分析结果表明,烷烃和芳香烃对O₃生成的贡献最高,二甲苯、乙苯、三甲苯、甲苯、戊烷/异戊烷是珠海市O₃污染防治的优控VOCs物种,其对O₃生成的贡献高达56.0%。其中,戊烷/异戊烷主要来自金湾站周边的电子专用材料制造企业,二甲苯/乙苯主要来自周边的电线、电缆制造,橡胶、塑料制品生产企业。     

Influence of inoculating earthworms on removal of pyrene in soils growing Festuca arundinacea

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to examine the potential of inoculating earthworms (Pheretima sp.) in order to enhance phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) present in soils with the use of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). In particular, experiments with or without inoculating earthworms for removal of pyrene was investigated. Results showed that planting of F. arundinacea enhanced the removal of pyrene at initial content over 70 days approximately 54%–80% but only 12%–24% occurred in non-planted soils. After inoculating earthworms, the dissipation rates of pyrene in planted soils were increased up to 61%–86%, which was 6%–12% higher than those in corresponding soils without inoculating earthworms. Among all possible pathways, the contribution of plant--microbial interactions on removal of pyrene was predominant, either with (46%) or without inoculating earthworms (52%), is the primary mechanism of contaminant removal. Data suggest inoculating earthworms may be a feasible way for reinforcing removal of PAH in contaminated sites.     

丹江口水库新增淹没区农田土壤重金属生态危害评价

为研究丹江口水库新增淹没区农田土壤重金属污染状况,通过野外调查,采集169个土壤样品,分析了土壤中7种重金属(Cr、Cd、Pb、Ni、Zn、Cu、As)的污染特征和空间分布,并采用I_geo(地质累积指数)法对土壤重金属进行生态危害评价. 结果表明:w(Cr)低于河南省土壤环境背景值,w(Cd)、w(Pb)、w(Ni)、w(Cu)、w(As)、w(Zn)均高于河南省土壤环境背景值,其中,w(Cr)比河南省土壤环境背景值低18.90 mg/kg,w(Zn)比河南省土壤环境背景值高11.21 mg/kg,w(Cd)则为河南省土壤环境背景值的16倍. 空间分析表明,河南省淅川县、湖北省丹江口市附近的库区以及河南省九重镇、盛湾镇库周的土壤重金属质量分数较高,而其余区域较低;I_geo法评价结果表明,Cd是丹江口水库新增淹没区主要的污染元素,Cr、Pb、Ni、Zn、Cu、As则处于无污染水平.      

基于METRIC模型的江汉平原蒸散量估算适应性分析

蒸散发是整个水文循环中的关键环节,现有传统测量方法虽具有较高的点位精度,但空间代表性不足,无法满足大空间尺度的遥感估算.以半湿润区为主的江汉平原为研究区域,以遥感蒸散模型为核心手段,首次引入METRIC模型,探讨METRIC模型在江汉平原蒸散量估算中的适用性,并应用METRIC模型和SEBAL模型对研究区域进行遥感蒸散...     

Vertical distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Hunpu wastewater-irrigated area in northeast China under different land use patterns

The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in groundwater and soil profiles from upland field and paddy field in the Hunpu wastewater-irrigated area of northeast China. In the study area, the peak concentrations of total PAHs were within or just below the topsoil, and the contents decline with depth at various trend verified by the Spearman's rank correlation test. The total PAH concentrations in upland soil layers ranged from 46.8 to 2,373.0 microg/kg (dry wt.), while the concentrations in paddy soil layers ranged from 23.1 to 1,179.1 microg/kg (dry wt.). The 16 priority PAHs were all detected in the analyzed soil samples, and naphthalene (Nap), phenanthrene (Phe), fluoranthene (Fla), chrysene (Chr), and benzo[a]pyrene (Bap) were selected for further study in terms of their vertical distributions. The concentrations of both total and individual PAHs in upland soil were generally higher than those in the corresponding layers of paddy soil. The concentrations of total and individual PAH were notably different between the corresponding horizons in upland and paddy soil were probably attribute to the different sources and properties of the PAHs and soil; different methods of soil tillage and plant growing. Special PAH compound ratios, such as phenanthrene/anthracene, fluoranthene/pyrene, LMW/HMW, and parent PAH ratios (Ant/178, Fla/202, BaA/228, and Ilp/276) were used to identify the source of soil PAHs. The data suggests that the possible sources of PAHs in the Hunpu wastewater-irrigation area are the incomplete combustion of coal, petroleum and crude oil, automobile exhausts. These sources lead to pollution of the soil and groundwater by wet/dry deposition and vertical downward migration.     

燃煤电厂排渣输灰管道清垢器的设计

燃煤电厂输灰管道结垢问题影响发电机组的正常运行.设计研制一种输灰管道清垢器实现不停机除垢,避免传统酸洗对管道的腐蚀破坏和对环境的污染,同时大大降低了成本.设计过程中应用三维CAD建模,利用有限元方法对关键部件校验分析,缩短了设计周期,提高了清垢器的可靠性.