化学氧化法处理资源回收后的J-酸和吐氏酸染料中间体废液

萘系磺酸染料中间体Ｊ－酸和吐氏酸废母液经有用资源的回收后,尚须进行最终出水的达标处理．通过吐氏酸和Ｊ－酸废母液萃余液的后处理试验,确定了盐回收－混凝沉淀－化学氧化的达标处理工艺方案,并确定了相应的工艺参数．其中化学氧化采用Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ试剂（以双氧水作氧化剂,绿矾为催化剂）,在经济合理的投量范围内经２—４ｈ反应,萃余液ＣＯＤＣｒ去除率达８０％以上,最终出水ＣＯＤｃｒ在２００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下,满足有关工业废水排放标准．     

复菌生物絮凝剂在纸箱废水处理中的实验研究

文章将微生物絮凝剂产生单菌M-3和M-2共同培养,获取生物絮凝剂,进行提取生物絮凝剂粗品,处理某纸箱厂废水。对生物絮凝剂投加量、Ca2＋离子浓度、pH值的影响条件进行较系统的研究,绘制出单一因素对生物絮凝剂处理效果影响的曲线,确定生物絮凝剂处理纸箱厂废水的最适条件,进行正交实验。实验表明复合型微生物絮凝剂对纸箱厂废水有较好的处理效果。单菌微生物絮凝剂絮凝率在92%以上,COD去除率接近55%,氨氮去除率也达到89%。复合型生物絮凝剂在更少的药剂下能获得比单菌絮凝剂更好的处理效果。絮凝率可达93%,COD去除率达到74%,氨氮去除率达到90%。     

基于METRIC模型的江汉平原蒸散量估算适应性分析

蒸散发是整个水文循环中的关键环节,现有传统测量方法虽具有较高的点位精度,但空间代表性不足,无法满足大空间尺度的遥感估算.以半湿润区为主的江汉平原为研究区域,以遥感蒸散模型为核心手段,首次引入METRIC模型,探讨METRIC模型在江汉平原蒸散量估算中的适用性,并应用METRIC模型和SEBAL模型对研究区域进行遥感蒸散...     

城市生活污泥和矿化垃圾中氮磷淋失的模拟研究

通过模拟土柱实验,分析了城市生活污泥和矿化垃圾中氮磷的迁移对地下水的影响以及矿化垃圾对氮磷的去除特性.测定项目包括总磷、总氮、硝态氮、pH和电导率(EC).结果表明:施用污泥和矿化垃圾后淋滤液的pH呈下降趋势;EC和总氮都有显著增加;硝态氮增加特别明显,容易造成地下水污染;总磷变化不大,污染地下水的可能性较小.矿化垃圾对氮的去除作用不明显,反而增加了淋滤液中的氮素含量,但对磷的去除效果明显.因此,在利用矿化垃圾取代土壤时,应注意矿化垃圾中氮特别是硝态氮的污染.     

Vertical distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Hunpu wastewater-irrigated area in northeast China under different land use patterns

The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in groundwater and soil profiles from upland field and paddy field in the Hunpu wastewater-irrigated area of northeast China. In the study area, the peak concentrations of total PAHs were within or just below the topsoil, and the contents decline with depth at various trend verified by the Spearman's rank correlation test. The total PAH concentrations in upland soil layers ranged from 46.8 to 2,373.0 microg/kg (dry wt.), while the concentrations in paddy soil layers ranged from 23.1 to 1,179.1 microg/kg (dry wt.). The 16 priority PAHs were all detected in the analyzed soil samples, and naphthalene (Nap), phenanthrene (Phe), fluoranthene (Fla), chrysene (Chr), and benzo[a]pyrene (Bap) were selected for further study in terms of their vertical distributions. The concentrations of both total and individual PAHs in upland soil were generally higher than those in the corresponding layers of paddy soil. The concentrations of total and individual PAH were notably different between the corresponding horizons in upland and paddy soil were probably attribute to the different sources and properties of the PAHs and soil; different methods of soil tillage and plant growing. Special PAH compound ratios, such as phenanthrene/anthracene, fluoranthene/pyrene, LMW/HMW, and parent PAH ratios (Ant/178, Fla/202, BaA/228, and Ilp/276) were used to identify the source of soil PAHs. The data suggests that the possible sources of PAHs in the Hunpu wastewater-irrigation area are the incomplete combustion of coal, petroleum and crude oil, automobile exhausts. These sources lead to pollution of the soil and groundwater by wet/dry deposition and vertical downward migration.     

CLT酸废母液资源化萃取工艺

研究 N₂₃₅溶剂萃取体系综合处理 CLT酸废母液工艺 ,以实现资源回收 .结果表明 ,在萃取剂浓度为 40% ,酸化率为 50% ,相比 1∶1时 ,萃取效果最佳 ,此时废母液 COD去除率达 97% ,萃余液 COD低于 200 mg/L ,COD指标达到国家综合排放标准( GB8978-1996) ;Na₂CO₃和 NaOH混合水溶液作反萃剂 ,能够完全反萃 ,浓缩倍数达 9.4倍 ;浓缩液经蒸浓酸析 ,得到固体产品 ,产率 8.34g/L(废母液 ) ,主要有机成分为 CLT酸及其硝基衍生物 .     

管网水限制性营养元素对微生物再生长的影响

考察C、N、P等饮用水中的限制性营养元素对微生物再生长的影响。结果表明,磷是管网中细菌生长的主要限制因子,饮用水最适合细菌生长的最佳C∶P为100∶5。另外,对于管网微生物而言,乙酸碳等易降解有机物是一种更容易被利用的有机物。因此,在饮用水处理过程中应尽可能地去除原水中磷,使出厂水TP控制在5μg/L以下,同时要防止饮用水被一些有机物特别是小分子易降解有机物污染,以确保饮用水安全。     

固体废物焚烧中二噁英控制措施探讨

焚烧是解决固体废物污染的1种较有效的方法,但是在焚烧过程中产生的二噁英会对环境造成危害.阐述了二噁英的危害和在固体废物焚烧中的产生途径.从燃烧前、燃烧中、燃烧后3个阶段.论述了二噁英的污染控制技术.提出了控制二噁英的具体措施.     

Distribution characteristics of matrix-bound phosphine along the coast of China and possible environmental controls

Matrix-bound phosphine (MBP) concentrations in surface sediments collected from 37 stations along the coast of China in 2006 are reported. MBP was found in all samples and the average concentration was 6.30ngkg(-1)dry weight (dw). The distribution of MBP showed certain spatial variation characteristics with high MBP concentrations at stations near to the coast. The average concentrations of MBP in the northern Yellow Sea (NYS), the southern Yellow Sea (SYS), the northern area of East China Sea (NECS), the southern area of East China Sea (SECS), and South China Sea (SCS) were 5.57+/-3.78, 3.78+/-2.81, 5.27+/-3.07, 5.48+/-4.05 and 13.52+/-7.86ngkg(-1)dw, respectively. The correlations between MBP and influencing factors, such as the sedimentary environmental characteristics (sediment type, the grain size, contents of phosphorous, organic matters and redox potential) and the aquatic environmental characteristics (temperature, salinity, depth and hydrodynamics) were studied. The results indicated that MBP was strongly influenced by various factors, such as total phosphorus (TP), organic phosphorus (OP), organic carbon (OC), the grain size and hydrodynamics, all of which not only offered reasonable interpretations for the distribution characteristics of MBP but also provided evidence to support the viewpoint that phosphine originated from OP decomposition. This work is the first comprehensive study of the distribution of MBP along the coast of China and its relationships with environmental factors which will lead to a better understanding of the phosphorus (P) biogeochemical cycle in the sea.     

低温和常温状态下AHR反应器处理生活污水效果比较研究

厌氧处理的传统对象为城市污水厂污泥和高浓度的工业污水。生活污水属于低浓度污水,追寻高效的生活污水厌氧处理工艺是研究者的一致目标,也是厌氧处理研究的热点。研究了在低温和常温状态下长期运行复合式厌氧反应器（AHR）反应器对生活污水的处理效果并分析了其中的影响因素,结果表明,进水平均温度分别为27.9℃和10.6℃情况下,COD处理效果接近,平均去除率分别为30.68%和36.13%;常温工况B/C从进水0.525增加到出水的0.642,低温工况从0.459增加到0.503,常温相比低温可生化提高的幅度稍高;低温下不利于SS的去除效果的提高,常温工况比低温工况的污泥水解率高。