Reaction of silver nanoparticles in the disinfection process

This study investigated the dissolution, aggregation, and reaction kinetics of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with the three types of water disinfectants (ultraviolet, sodium hypochlorite, and ozone) under the different conditions of pH, ionic strength, or humic acid (HA). The physicochemical changes of AgNPs were measured by using UV–Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. The results showed that when AgNPs contacted the disinfectants, oxidative dissolution was the primary reaction. In addition, the reaction kinetics studies revealed that the reaction rate of AgNPs with disinfectants was significantly influenced by different disinfectants along with different pH and the presence of sodium nitrate and HA. Our research demonstrated the potential effect of disinfectants on AgNPs, which will improve our understanding of the fate of AgNPs in the disinfection processes in the water and wastewater treatment plant.     

Spatial distribution,temporal variation,and sources of heavy metal pollution in groundwater of a century-old nonferrous metal mining and smelting area in China

This study first presents the spatial distribution, temporal variation, and sources of heavy metal pollution in groundwater of a nonferrous metal mine area in China. Unconfined groundwater was polluted by Pb, Zn, As, and Cu, in order, while confined karst water in the mines showed pollution in the following sequence: Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb, and As. Pollution by Pb was widespread, while Zn, As, Cu, and Cd were found to be high in the north–central industrial region and to decrease gradually with distance from smelters and tailings. Vertically, more Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd have accumulated in shallow Quaternary groundwater, while more As have migrated into the deeper fracture groundwater in the local discharge area. Zn, Cd, and Cu concentrations in groundwater along the riverside diminished owing to reduced wastewater drainage since 1977, while samples in the confluence area were found to have increasing contents of Pb, Zn, As, Cu, and Cd since industrialization began in the 1990s. Sources of heavy metals in groundwater were of anthropogenic origin except for Cr. Pb originated primarily from airborne volatile particulates, wastewater, and waste residues and deposited continuously, while Zn, Cd, and Cu were derived from the wastewater of smelters and leakage of tailings, which corresponded to the related soil and surface residue researches. Elevated As values around factories might be the result of chemical reactions. Flow patterns in different hydrogeological units and adsorption capability of from Quaternary sediments restricted their cross-border diffusion.     

起重机联轴器断裂事故仿真模拟

为了预防起重机事故发生,培养工科大学生的安全意识和安全思维,对起重机联轴器断裂事故进行仿真模拟。利用SolidWorks对起重机进行建模及装配,模型装配体另存为.wrl格式,导入3DS Max中进行仿真模拟动画制作,结果表明,可以再现起重机事故的发生过程。事故仿真模拟对事故原因分析以及起重机安全使用具有重要的指导意义。     

低品位硫铁矿烧渣制备导电掺合料

采用川南低品位硫铁矿烧渣为主要原料,利用其中的高铁含量及大量活性烧粘土组分,通过在还原气氛下将硫铁矿烧渣与少量还原剂混合粉磨均匀后成型焙烧这一最优工艺,制备电阻率较低的具有胶结性质的导电掺合料,研究了温度、保温时间、配合比、粉磨细度等关键参数对电阻率的影响。结果表明:还原剂为混合料质量分数的9.1%(还原剂与烧渣比值=0.1),5～30 MPa成型后在800℃高温中焙烧60 min,可制备出电阻率为2.02Ω.m的导电掺合料。该方法不仅能解决川南硫铁矿烧渣的综合利用问题,而且工艺流程简单,产品附加值高。     

染料废水物理化学脱色技术的现状与进展

本文按吸附,混凝,化学氧化,离子交换,超滤膜等几个方面分别论述了染料废水物理化学脱化技术的现状与发展情况。     

建设项目竣工验收监测中的环境管理现场检查

分析了建设项目竣工验收环境保护监测环境管理现场检查中存在的主要问题,从健全机制体制、完善标准法规、提高监测人员技术水平、加强企业和公众环保教育等方面提出了建议,为建设项目验收环境监测更好地服务环境管理和社会经济提供对策.     

建设项目环境保护设施竣工验收监测中问题的探讨

本文针对建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测过程中,对涉及到的工况控制、污染物排放总量核算等关键环节方面探讨,对存在的问题进行分析,提出解决的方法,以保证科学、客观、公正地做好验收监测工作.     

水质自动监测站运行管理常见问题和解决方法探讨

结合近几年常州市武进区省级水质自动监测站运行管理中的一些经验,对水质自动监测容易产生的问题进行介绍,同时对这些问题的解决方法和对策进行总结。     

锑矿废水污染应急处置实验研究

为了治理饮用水源地锑矿废水泄漏对水体的污染,使其达到饮用水水质标准,研究了聚合硫酸铁、氯化铁等3种混凝类物质及活性炭粉、蒙脱石粉等4种吸附类物质对含锑废水的处理效果.结果表明,聚合硫酸铁、氯化铁、硫酸亚铁对含锑废水具有良好的处理效果,去除率均达到90％以上.同时,进一步研究了聚合硫酸铁混凝结合硫化钠沉淀处理废水中的锑,废水经两级处理,废水中锑离子质量浓度从3.8400 mg/L降至0.002 7mg/L,达到国家《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)水质标准(Sb质量浓度＜0.005 0 mg/L).     

Interaction of silver nanoparticles with pure nitrifying bacteria

In this study, Nitrosomonas europaea ATCC 19718 was exposed to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of different particle size (7 ± 3 and 40 ± 14 nm) and different coatings (polyvinyl alcohol and adenosine triphosphate disodium). For all different AgNPs used in the study, large aggregates were gradually formed after addition of AgNPs into the media containing N. europaea. The scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of the microstructures suggested that bacterial cells and electrolytes had significant effects on AgNP aggregation. Size- and coating-dependent inhibition of ammonia oxidation by AgNPs was observed, and our analysis suggested that the inhibition was not only due to the released dissolved silver, but also the dispersity of AgNPs in the culture media. Electron microscopy images showed AgNPs could cause the damage of cell wall of N. europaea and make the nucleoids disintegrated and condensed next to cell membrane. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering signals also implied the damage of cell membrane caused by AgNPs. Further protein expression analysis revealed that AgNPs would inhibit important protein functions, including biosynthesis, gene expression, energy production and nitrification to further cause toxicity to N. europaea. Our findings explain the susceptibility of N. europaea to inhibition by AgNPs and the possible interaction between each other. Future research is needed to characterize these effects in more complex cultures and media such as activated sludge and wastewater.