A novel approach to estimate and control denitrification performance in activated sludge systems with respirogram technology

Respirogram technology has been widely applied for aerobic process, however, the response of respirogram to anoxic denitrification is still unclear. To reveal such response may help to design a new method for the evaluation of the performance of denitrification. The size distribution of flocs measured at different denitrification moments demonstrated a clear expansion of flocs triggered by denitrification, during which higher specific endogenous and quasi-endogenous respiration rates (SOUR_e and SOUR_q) were also observed. Furthermore, SOUR_q increases exponentially with the specific denitrification rate (SDNR), suggesting that there should be a maximum SDNR in conventional activated sludge systems. Based on these findings, an index R_q/t, defined as the ratio of quasi-endogenous (OUR_q) to maximum respiration rate (OUR_t), is proposed to estimate the denitrification capacity that higher R_q/t indicates higher denitrification potential, which can be readily obtained without complex measurement or analysis, and it offers a novel and promising respirogram-based approach for denitrification estimation and control by taking measures to extend anoxic time to maintain its value at a high level within a certain range.     

几种植物源农药对环境生物的毒性

测定了几种植物源农药对几种环境生物的急性毒性.结果表明:不同植物源农药对同一种环境生物的毒性差异很大,同一种植物源农药对不同的环境生物毒性也不同;说明并非所有的植物源农药都是安全的.表4参5     

城市生态系统的预测与综合评价的思想体系

本方针对国内外城市生态系统的研究,提出了一套预测一评价一对策的思想体系,并对其预测、评价方法作了初步理论探讨.     

吐氏酸废液资源化技术的研究

研究了用化学萃取法回收吐氏酸废母液中染料中间体的多种影响因素,静态试验表明：通过萃取工艺,吐氏酸废母液中的染料中间体回收率可达９０％以上,萃余液中ＣＯＤｃｒ在５００～３０００ｍｇ／Ｌ之间;该工艺可使废母液中的回收物浓缩５～１０倍,根据静态试验得出的工艺参数,进行了动态模拟试验,取得了与静态试验非常接近的结果,为以后的示范工程提供了可靠的设计依据。     

辅助燃料对垃圾熔融炉炉温影响的分析研究

文章计算了在不同焦炭加入量及不同焦炭和煤的配比条件下处理城市生活垃圾时气化熔融炉的炉温。计算结果表明,用焚烧法处理重庆市的生活垃圾时,在常温鼓风条件下,要使垃圾灰渣完全熔融,焦炭配比至少应在42％以上;在一定的条件下,可以用煤部分或全部代替焦炭,同时配以高温鼓风,可使炉温达到并超过垃圾灰渣的熔融温度,从而使得垃圾灰渣熔融。     

Granulation of filamentous microorganisms in a sequencing batch reactor with saline wastewater

Proliferation of filamentous microorganisms frequently leads to operational failure for activate sludge systems. In this study, it was found that filamentous microorganisms could grow in compact granular structure with 5% sodium chloride in the substrate. In the early period of experiment, coccoid and rode-like bacteria predominated in the yellowish-brown granules, and later the white and the black granules were developed by filamentous microorganisms. The filamentous granules exhibited low porosity and fas...     

综合管廊燃气舱运营风险及应对措施探讨

为降低综合管廊燃气舱的运营风险,选择燃气舱泄漏、爆炸2类事故进行分析.利用OpenFoam软件模拟综合管廊燃气舱爆炸对纵向前后相邻分区的影响,模拟结果显示,最大超压值可能在纵向相邻分区中出现.从本质安全和防爆抑爆2个角度,提出使用模块化管道作业机器人、线型激光可燃气体探测器、控制点火源、减少支墩和支架数量和减小体积、预警前后相邻分区、增大泄爆面积、通风夹层防火防爆处理等措施进一步提升综合管廊燃气舱的安全,降低事故风险.     

某铅锌矿冶炼废渣堆就地处置可行性的水文地质条件研究

金属冶炼产生的废渣在无法采用资源化处置情况下需要安全填埋。安全填埋的前提是转移到具备优良地质条件并且采取了足够的工程防渗措施的场地,通常会遇到选址困难和二次污染等系列问题。以云南东北部某铅锌冶炼企业历史产生的废渣堆为研究对象,通过详细勘察研究渣堆下部基础地质和水文地质条件,并在渣堆下部及周边污染特征组分空间分布特征详细调查和分析的基础上,论证了该历史渣堆具有就地处置可行性的水文地质条件,可以通过系列地下水防污工程措施来控制地下水污染源。处置方案已经提交企业并处于工程实施阶段。该研究提出的解决问题的思路和技术方案对我国具有类似地质及水文地质条件的固废处置具有一定的参考价值。     

Fe2+-H2O2法处理DSD酸生产氧化母液的研究

为改善DSD酸氧化母液的可生化降解性,将废液先用有机絮凝剂TS-1(一种季胺盐)处理,TS-1的投加量为3g/L,其后用Fe²⁺-H₂O₂法氧化,Fe²⁺和H₂O₂的量分别为150mg/L,7g/L,废液COD和色度的去除率分别可达64%和62%。经处理后的废水,其BOD₅/COD≈0.3,可以认为已达到生化处理的要求。当H₂O₂的投量为2g/L,经Fe²⁺-H₂O₂氧化处理后的废液,再用FeCl₃进行两级混凝处理(FeCl₃的投加量分别为5g/L和2g/L),则COD和色度的去除率可达90%和95%。     

彩色显象管发光粉生产废水处理工艺研究

为了消除彩色显象管发光粉生产废水中重金属对环境的污染和实现资源回用,用Ｐ２０４－煤油－硫酸体系分离回收废水中的锌。研究结果表明,以皂化Ｐ２０４为萃取剂,经三级逆流Ｚｎ＾２的率可达９９％,共存的Ｎｉ＾２＋几乎不被萃取,Ｃｕ＾２＋的萃取率小于７％;用硫酸溶液对负锌萃取剂进行了二级逆流反萃取,反萃取率达９６％以上,反萃浓缩液可返回生产过程作用。