Effect of cypermethrin insecticide on the microbial community in cucumber phyllosphere

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is one of the most widely used vegetable in the world,and different pesticides have been extensively used for controlling the insects and disease pathogens of this plant.However,little is known about how the pesticides affect the microbial community in cucumber phyllosphere.This study was the first attempt to assess the impact of pyrethroid insecticide cyperemethrin on the microbial communities of cucumber phyllosphere using biochemical and genetic approaches.Phospholipid fatty ac...     

三丁基锡对螺旋藻的毒性作用

研究了氯化三丁基锡对盐泽螺放心藻的毒性作用。结果表明,ＴＢＴ对盐泽螺旋藻的半数生长抑制浓度ＩＣ５０为５．０９μｇ／Ｌ。     

光磁耦合污水处理装置的设计及运行效果分析

基于光催化技术和磁场能够改善污水处理效果的性质,开发了一种光磁耦合污水处理装置。紫外线强度分布的设计计算采用多点源叠加近似辐射模型;磁感应强度的产生选用亥姆霍兹线圈,并采用MATLAB对反应器的磁场进行了磁场强度分布的可视化模拟;采用流体力学软件CFD对装置内流场进行了数值模拟。结果表明,灯管之间的反应器壁附近区域的紫外线强度最小,而在3根紫外灯管间的区域紫外线强度较强且相对均匀;亥姆霍兹线圈内部磁场可近似作为匀强磁场;在该装置反应区存在循环流,有利于提高光磁耦合反应速率。对反应器效果进行验证表明,该反应器对污水的脱色率和COD去除率均较高,磁性光催化剂回收率达到97%以上;光磁耦合法废水处理效果明显高于磁场和光催化作用单独处理效果。     

不同膜组件应用于重力出水式膜生物反应器的性能比较

通过曝气强度的调节,对2种不同膜组件用于重力出水式膜生物反应器处理生活污水进行可行性研究。结果表明：本重力出水式膜生物反应器的经济曝气强度约为40 m³/(m²·h)。此时对氨氮、COD、浊度的平均去除率分别为：97.8%、90.8%和99.4%。对比膜通量与曝气强度的关系,膜组件A（膜丝材质为聚乙烯,直径0.54 mm,孔径0.4 μm,膜面积为9.0 m²）比膜组件B（膜丝材质为聚偏氟乙烯,直径0.80 mm,孔径0.22 μm,膜面积为12.5 m²）具有更好的经济性,适合于改造为重力出水式膜生物反应器。在线化学清洗方式下,膜组件A可以比膜组件B更快地恢复膜通量。     

改性活性焦低温烧结烟气脱硝实验研究

烧结烟气脱硝是当今国内外脱硝技术研究的一个热点和难点.在以往文献报道的基础上,采用浸渍法改性,分别考察了V2O5、MnO2、CuO改性活性焦的脱硝效果.实验发现,经过CuO、MnQ2、V2O5改性活性焦的脱硝率在反应稳定后都达到90％以上,取得了一个较好的处理效果.表明活性焦相比其他载体材料更经济有效.     

中国道路交通二氧化碳排放达峰路径研究

为研究我国道路交通行业CO₂排放未来控制路径,结合未来经济社会和货物运输发展状况、运输结构、能源结构和能效结构变化,采用行驶里程法分析了我国道路交通CO₂排放现状、未来变化趋势及主要驱动因素. 结果表明:①采用行驶里程法计算道路交通行业CO₂排放量相对合理,2019年全国汽车CO₂排放量为9.52×108 t,比油耗法所得结果高20%左右,二者存在差异的主要原因为交通油耗统计数据偏低. ②从车型看,重型货车和小型客车是汽车CO₂排放的主要来源,分别占39.7%、38.2%;从燃料种类看,汽油、柴油、其他燃料(天然气、醇类燃料等)CO₂排放量分别占42.8%、52.5%、4.7%. ③道路交通CO₂排放预计于“十五五”末达峰,峰值在12.2×108～13.9×108 t之间,达峰后有2～3年的平台期. ④推广新能源车是道路交通CO₂排放控制的主要驱动因素,其次为能效提升,运输结构调整在前期有一定的贡献,2025年上述措施对道路交通CO₂减排量占比分别为56%、34%和10%左右,2030年分别为55%、40%和5%左右. 研究显示,加大新能源汽车推广力度,持续降低新生产燃油车碳排放强度,推进运输结构调整,可有效降低道路交通CO₂排放.      

基于车载测试的国VI重型柴油车CO2和NOx排放研究

利用便携式尾气测量系统（PEMS）对一辆国Ⅵ重型柴油车在北京（低温）和厦门（常温）分别进行0、50%和90%负载的实际道路排放测试.结果表明,国Ⅵ重型柴油车CO₂基于功率平均排放为685 g·kWh-1,行驶阶段CO2基于里程的排放因子平均为662.35 g·km-1.NOx排放比国Ⅵ标准限值低68.3%.NOx基于功率的排放因子为82.6 mg·kWh-1,较国V下降98.6%,行驶阶段NO_x基于里程的排放因子较国V下降99%,国Ⅵ重型柴油车实际道路排放控制效果良好.研究发现,较高的NO_x排放主要集中在急加速段,并在长下坡结束时,出现NO_x排放峰值.此外,6次测试冷启动NO_x排放占整个测试阶段总排放的23.5%～56.7%.CO₂和NO_x排放随速度增加呈下降趋势,50%负载和90%负载时NO_x的排放因子接近10%负载的2倍.低温时CO₂和NOx排放因子较常温时分别升高17.7%和4.5%,...     

Profile of the culturable microbiome capable of producing acyl-homoserine lactone in the tobacco phyllosphere

Bacterial populations coexisting in the phyllosphere niche have important effects on plant health. Quorum sensing (QS) allows bacteria to communicate via diffusible signal molecules, but QS-dependent behaviors in phyllosphere bacterial populations are poorly understood. We investigate the dense and diverse N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL)-producing phyllosphere bacteria living on tobacco leaf surfaces via a culture-dependent method and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our results indicated that approximately 7.9%-11.7% of the culturable leaf-associated bacteria have the ability to produce AHL based on the assays using whole-cell biosensors. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene assigned the AHL-producing strains to two phylogenetic groups, with Gammaproteobacteria (93%) as the predominant group, followed by Alphaproteobacteria. All of the AHL-producing Alphaproteobacteria were affiliated with the genus Rhizobium, whereas the AHL-producing bacteria belonging to the Gammaproteobacteria mainly fell within the genera Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Pantoea and Serratia. The bioassays of supernatant extracts revealed that a portion of the strains have a remarkable AHL profile for AHL induction activity using the two different biosensors, and one compound in the active extract of a representative isolate, NTL223, corresponded to 3-oxo-hexanoyl-homoserine lactone. A large population size and diversity of bacteria capable of AHL-driven QS were found to cohabit on leaves, implying that cross-communication based AHL-type QS may be common in the phyllosphere. Furthermore, this study provides a general snapshot of a potential valuable application of AHL-producing bacteria inhabiting leaves for their presumable ecological roles in the phyllosphere.