表面活性剂强化空气扰动修复污染地下水影响区域研究

为了强化空气扰动技术(Air Sparging,AS)的处理效果,通过向不同介质的地下水中添加表面活性剂(十二烷基苯磺酸钠,SDBS),考察表面活性剂强化空气扰动技术对曝气影响区域的影响.实验结果表明:当介质为砾石时,加入表面活性剂后影响区域没有明显变化;当介质为粗砂时,用500 mg·L-1 SDBS溶液饱和时的空气...     

藓类附生原生动物群落对汞铊矿重金属污染的监测

应用群落多样性特征指数和冗余分析法(RDA),对黔西南滥木厂汞铊矿的矿渣、废石、矿体和附近的石灰岩上的藓类附生原生动物与重金属污染的关系进行研究.经显微镜检,共发现藓类附生原生动物群落物种数为75种,原生动物丰度范围在2～504个.g-1.群落多样性指数结果表明,矿渣的重金属污染最严重.RDA分析结果表明,重金属污染对藓类附生原生动物群落结构变化有明显的影响,有些种类对重金属污染十分敏感或有一定的耐性.因此,藓类附生原生动物群落可用来监测矿区生态系统的重金属污染.     

“双碳”目标下青岛高新区低碳发展路径研究

工业园区是我国工业发展的重要载体和强大引擎,是实现碳达峰和碳中和目标的重要抓手。本文以青岛高新区为研究对象,编制了2016—2020年该园区的温室气体排放清单,通过情景分析探讨了其碳达峰路径,并为中国工业园区的低碳发展提出了低碳发展政策建议。研究显示,2016—2020年,青岛高新区碳排放总量从32.88万t增加至43.78万t,碳排放强度由0.47 t/万元降至0.36 t/万元。工业能耗是青岛高新区碳排放的最大贡献者,也是其实现碳达峰的关键部门。生活用能的碳排放占比逐年增大,是青岛高新区实现碳达峰的重要影响因素。通过优化能源消费结构、提升能源利用效率、推进集中供热设施、煤改气等举措,青岛高新区预计在2025年实现碳达峰,碳排放总量达到71.58万t,碳排放强度降至0.27 t/万元。我国需制定统一的工业园区温室气体排放核算方法,建立工业园区温室气体排放数据库,将碳达峰碳中和目标要求纳入工业园区经济社会发展中长期规划,充分挖掘能源及环境基础设施的减排潜力,促进我国工业园区低碳发展。     

UV-LED/P25-based photocatalysis for effective degradation of isothiazolone biocide

• UV-LED with shorter wavelength was beneficial for photocatalytic degradation. • SRNOM dramatically inhibit the degradation. • ·OH acts as the active radical in photocatalytic degradation. • Degradation mainly undergoes oxidation, hydrolysis and chain growth reactions. In this work, LED-based photocatalysis using mixed rutile and anatase phase TiO₂ (P25) as the photocatalyst could effectively remove 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT) and methylisothiazolone (MIT) simultaneously, with removal efficiencies above 80% within 20 min. The photocatalytic degradation of both CMIT and MIT could be modeled using a pseudo-first-order rate equation. The photocatalytic degradation rates of CMIT and MIT under LED280 illumination were higher than under LED310 or LED360 illumination. At concentrations below 100 mg/L, the degradation rate of CMIT and MIT under LED illumination significantly increased with increasing catalyst dosage. Additionally, the effects of the chloride ion concentration, alkalinity and dissolved organic matter on the photocatalytic degradation reaction were also investigated. The ·OH free radicals were determined to play the primary role in the photocatalytic degradation reaction, with a degradation contribution of >95%. The photocatalytic degradation of CMIT and MIT mainly occurred via oxidation, hydrolysis, and chain growth reactions. Finally, the possible photocatalytic degradation pathways of CMIT and MIT over LED/P25 are proposed.     

镉胁迫对脊尾白虾的毒性效应研究

为揭示重金属镉对脊尾白虾的毒性效应,采用急性毒性实验方法,研究了不同浓度镉(Cd~(2+))对脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)血清氧化应激相关生理指标的活性以及肌肉组织中腺苷酸转移酶基因(ANT)和热激蛋白70基因(HSC70)表达水平的影响。共设置4个Cd2+浓度胁迫(0、0.0002、0.001、0.005 mmol·L~(-1)),分别在0、3、6、9、12、24、36、48、72和96 h共10个时间点对相关指标进行测定。结果显示:不同浓度镉胁迫下,脊尾白虾血清中H_2O_2含量、MDA含量和GSH含量均表现为先升高后降低的趋势,H2O2含量在胁迫3 h时即出现明显的升高,而MDA和GSH则均在9 h时出现升高趋势,表现为一定的滞后性。H2O2含量在0.005 mmol·L~(-1)胁迫3 h时出现峰值,MDA含量在0.005 mmol·L~(-1)胁迫9 h时出现峰值,GSH含量在0.001mmol·L~(-1)胁迫48 h时出现峰值,且均与对照组存在显著性差异(P0.05)。HSC70基因的表达量在不同浓度胁迫下均表现为先升高后降低的趋势,且均在24 h时达到峰值,具体表达量水平的顺序为:0.0002 mmol·L~(-1)0.001 mmol·L~(-1)0.005 mmol·L~(-1)。ANT基因的表达量在不同浓度下则均表现为明显的下调趋势。由此可见,急性Cd~(2+)胁迫不仅影响脊尾白虾的氧化应激相关生理指标,还影响机体内组成型HSC70及与能量传递有关的ANT基因的表达水平。     

微波消解-原子荧光法测定染毒小鼠体内汞的分布

小鼠经腹腔注射氯化汞(HgCl2)染毒后,采用微波消解-原子荧光法研究汞在小鼠全血、脑、睾丸、脾、肝脏以及肾脏的分布情况.结果表明,方法的检出限为0.002μg.L-1,加标回收率为92.12%—108.46%.该方法操作简便,灵敏度高,检出限低,线性范围宽,可作为生物体内汞含量的测定方法.汞在染毒小鼠血和各脏器中含量随染汞剂量的增加而明显增加,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);小鼠体内总汞绝大部分蓄积在肾脏内,其次是肝脏,然后是脾、睾丸、脑;全血的总汞含量与肾脏、肝脏、脾、睾丸、脑的总汞含量有相关性.     

Speciation evolutions of target metals （Cd,Pb） influenced by chlorine and sulfur during sewage sludge incineration

In sludge incineration, the thermal behavior of heavy metal is a growing concern. In this work, the combined analysis of metal partitioning behavior between vapor phase and condensed phase, speciation redistribu- tion in condensed phase and the difference of metal species in binding energy was carried out to investigate the possible volatilization-condensation mechanism of heavy metals in high-temperature sludge incineration. It was found that there were two steps in metal volatilization. The initial volatilization of heavy metal originated from their exchangeable （EXC）, carbonate bound （CAR） and iron- manganese bound （FM） fractions, which is primarily composed of simple substance, chlorides, oxides and sulfides. With the increase of chlorine and sulfur in sludge, the inner speciation redistribution of heavy metals occurred in condensed phase, which was an important factor affecting the potential volatility of heavy metals. A partial of metal species with complexed （COM） and residual （RES） fractions gradually decomposed into simple substance or ions, oxides and carbonates, which signifi- cantly strengthened the second volatility. In presence of chlorine, about 46% of Cd with the RES fraction disappeared when the volatility rate of Cd increased by 44.89%. Moreover, about 9% of Pb with COM fraction disappeared when there was an increase of nearly 10% in the volatilization rate. Thus, the second volatilization was mainly controlled by the decomposition of metal species with COM and RES fractions. By virtue of XRD analysis and the binding energy calculation, it was found that metal complex and silicates were inclined to decompose under high temperature due to poor thermo stability as compared with sulfates.     

浙江省小微企业危险废物集中收运体系建设实践与思考

针对民营经济发达、小微企业众多、工业危险废物产生量少但种类多的情况,浙江省在全域"无废城市"建设中,以"政府引导、市场主导"为原则,建立了覆盖全省的小微企业危险废物集中收运体系,以破解小微企业危险废物处置出路难的问题.概述了浙江省小微企业危险废物产生及收运现状,并依据集中收运体系的准入条件和建设要求,梳理了全省小微企业...     

黑曲霉吸附弱酸性艳蓝RAWL机理研究

考察了黑曲霉对染料吸附性能的pH响应模式,红外光谱表征了菌体表面的主要官能团组成,化学修饰定量研究了不同官能团的染料吸附贡献.结果显示,在低pH条件下,菌体表现出最优的染料吸附特性:随着pH值由2.0升至6.0,染料吸附量由39.6mg/g降至9.3mg/g.菌体表面含有氨基、羧基和磷酸根.高pH下,羧基和磷酸根电离导致菌体表面带负电并与染料发生静电斥力,使得染料吸附量下降;低pH下,氨基的质子化使得菌体带正电并通过静电吸引提高染料吸附.甲基化氨基在酸性条件下仍然可以质子化,故氨基甲基化修饰后染料吸附性能不变;乙酰化氨基在酸性体系中失去质子化能力,乙酰化修饰菌体染料吸附性能下降51.6%.氨基质子化引起的菌体正电性和染料负电性之间的静电引力是染料吸附的重要机制.图6参10     

牛奶样品中90Sr、137Cs、Ca和K的测定

本文介绍了用放射化学和化学方法分析WHO-IRC提供的低水平环境放射性测量比对样品的主要程序和得到的结果。结果表明,~(90)Sr、~(137)Cs和Ca的分析结果达到了较高的准确度。文中对分析中影响准确度的几个问题进行了讨论。