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311.
312.
建筑物对环境有着巨大的影响。基于生命周期评价(LCA)理论,从材料的开采生产,建筑物的建造、运行直至建筑物被拆除来研究建筑物的环境影响。在一个涉及建筑材料、建筑设备以及建设场地的环境影响数据库的基础上,开发了一个建筑物的环境影响的评价模型BEPAS(BuildingEnvironmentalPerformanceAnalysisSystem)。模型从3个方面:建筑设备运行、建筑材料和建筑场地来研究建筑的环境影响。最后,测算了一个案例,分析了其环境影响水平。 相似文献
313.
近年来,由于疾病、污染、海洋温度上升以及人类的过度利用,珊瑚礁正面临着致命的毁灭.为了保护珊瑚礁生态系统,迫切需要收集和分析数据,找出影响珊瑚礁生存的主要因素.数据挖掘技术可用于复杂系统的行为建模和预测,将数据挖掘算法与珊瑚礁生态系统数据相结合,构建生态数据挖掘平台,为预测珊瑚礁的生长趋势提供决策支持.针对海洋数据多源性、多态性和多样性的特点,提出改进的数据挖掘平台,并详细论述了数据源层、ETL工具层和数据仓库的结构和功能. 相似文献
314.
Zhen Cheng Xinghua Qiu Xiaodi Shi Xing Jiang Tong Zhu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(4):45
315.
结合某木浆厂的实际运行数据,对采用木聚糖酶辅助漂白前后的木浆质量、主要物料消耗量及产生废水的污染物指标进行了详细分析.结果表明,在工艺运行参数不变条件下,使用木聚糖酶辅助漂白能够显著提高生产纸浆质量等级,降低原木、二氧化氯和能源消耗量,减轻漂后废水的污染负荷,对于降低纸浆生产成本,保护水环境具有重要意义. 相似文献
316.
Enhanced sludge solubilization by microbubble ozonation 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
A microbubble ozonation process for enhancing sludge solubilization was proposed and its performance was evaluated in comparison to a conventional ozone bubble contactor. Microbubbles are defined as bubbles with diameters less than several tens of micrometers. Previous studies have demonstrated that microbubbles could accelerate the formation of hydroxyl radicals and hence improve the ozonation of dyestuff wastewater. The results of this study showed that microbubble ozonation was effective in increasing ozone utilization and improving sludge solubilization. For a contact time of 80 min, an ozone utilization efficiency of more than 99% was obtained using the microbubble system, while it gradually decreased from 94% to 72% for the bubble contactor. The rate of microbial inactivation was obviously faster in the microbubble system. At an ozone dose of 0.02 g O3 g−1 TSS, about 80% of microorganisms were inactivated in the microbubble system, compared with about 50% inactivation for the bubble contactor. Compared to the bubble contactor, more than two times of COD and total nitrogen, and eight times of total phosphorus content were released from the sludge into the supernatant by using the microbubble system at the same ozone dosage. The application of microbubble technology in ozonation processes may provide an effective and low cost approach for sludge reduction. 相似文献
317.
Sorption of naphthalene and phenanthrene by soil humic acids 总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26
Xing B 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2001,111(2):303-309
Humic acids are a major fraction of soil organic matter (SOM), and sorption of hydrophobic organic chemicals by humic acids influences their behavior and fate in soil. A clear understanding of the sorption of organic chemicals by humic acids will help to determine their sorptive mechanisms in SOM and soil. In this paper, we determined the sorption of two hydrophobic organic compounds, naphthalene and phenanthrene by six pedogenetically related humic acids. These humic acids were extracted from different depths of a single soil profile and characterized by solid-state CP/MAS 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Aromaticity of the humic acids increased with soil depth. Similarly, atomic ratios of C/H and C/O also increased with depth (from organic to mineral horizons). All isotherms were nonlinear. Freundlich exponents (N) ranged from 0.87 to 0.95 for naphthalene and from 0.86 to 0.92 for phenanthrene. The N values of phenanthrene were consistently lower than naphthalene for a given humic acid. For both compounds, N values decreased with increasing aromaticity of the humic acids, such an inverse relationship was never reported before. These results support the dual-mode sorption model where partitioning occurs in both expanded (flexible) and condensed (rigid) domains while nonlinear sorption only in condensed domains of SOM. Sorption in the condensed domains may be a cause for slow desorption, and reduced availability and toxicity with aging. 相似文献
318.
Sulfamethoxazole sorption by sediment fractions in comparison to pyrene and bisphenol A 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Juan Hou Xuekui Niu Baoshan Xing 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(9):2826-2832
The environmental behavior of antibiotics has attracted great research attention. However, their sorption mechanisms in soils/sediments are still unknown. Comparison of the sorption properties between the widely-studied hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) and antibiotics may provide valuable insight to antibiotic sorption mechanisms. Thus, in this study batch experiments for pyrene (PYR), bisphenol A (BPA), and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) sorption were conducted on a sediment sample and its separated fractions. Our results showed the high sorption of PYR on black carbon and organic matter. Although high sorption of SMX was observed for both separated organic fractions (humic acids) and inorganic mineral particles, the original sediment particles showed relatively low sorption. Competitive sorption between SMX and dissolved humic acid on mineral particles was observed in this study. This competitive interaction is a unique process for antibiotic sorption in soils/sediments compared with apolar HOCs and may be one of the important factors controlling the antibiotic sorption. 相似文献
319.
为深入研究流场动力学特性对浸没式膜生物反应器系统内膜面污染的控制,应用fluent软件对浸没式膜生物反应器内气液两相流动进行了三维数值模拟研究。采用标准k-ε湍流模型和欧拉多相流模型,考察了改变曝气条件对膜面气液速度场及气含率分布的影响。模拟结果表明,在相同曝气强度下,1 mm曝气孔径下膜面气液两相的速度增加较孔径2mm、3 mm的快;曝气孔径为1 mm时,膜面的液相速度随着曝气强度的增加逐渐增大;曝气孔径为1 mm时,曝气量为5.5m3/h所形成的漩涡区较大,膜面气含率值较高且分布较均匀,气液两相接触面积较大,膜面冲刷效果较好;模拟观察到反应器底部靠近壁面局部气含率较低,不利于活性污泥中微生物的生长,需要进一步优化曝气和反应器结构。 相似文献
320.