水中氯仿的活性炭电增强吸附特性

讨论了活性炭在电场作用下对水中微量的三氯甲烷的吸附 ,测定不同控制电位下活性炭的吸附量 ,并讨论了吸附动力学与吸附等温方程 .实验结果表明 :活性炭的吸附量与活性炭上所加的控制电位相关 .在阳极极化时 ,活性炭的吸附量增大 ;在阴极极化时 ,活性炭吸附量减少 .吸附起始浓度为 10 0 μg L的氯仿溶液 ,同样数量的活性炭在阳极极化下可得到最大吸附量 ,其值为无电场时的 1 6倍 .分析了电场影响活性炭吸附的机理 .     

Production of a newly isolated Paenibacillus polymyxa biocontrol agent using monosodium glutamate wastewater and potato wastewater

A phyllosphere bacterial strain EBL-06 was isolated from wheat leaves. The morphology, cultural characteristics, phospholipid fatty acids, physiological and antagonistic fungus activities of this strain were investigated. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by comparing with the published 16S rDNA sequences of the relevant bacteria. The results showed that the isolate EBL-06 was a strain of Paenibacillus polymyxa; this strain performed a high level of antagonistic fungus activity toward a broad spectrum of phytopathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Fusarium spp. The isolate EBL-06 can grow well using monosodium glutamate wastewater (MGW) and potato wastewater (PW) as culture medium. The maximum yield of 6.5 × 10 9 CFU/mL of the isolate EBL-06 anti-fungus biocontrol agent was reached in 15 hr cultivation at 28°C, pH 6.0–7.5 using the mixture of MGW and PW (1:9).     

石灰石脱硫反应活性的研究

脱硫剂石灰石的反应活性对流化床燃煤锅炉的脱硫效果影响很大。目前,国内外主要采用动力学方法,通过测定固态CaO的硫酸盐化程度来推断石灰石的反应活性。但是这在石灰石中含有许多其它杂质成分时是不够全面的,因为这些杂质成分对石灰石的脱硫反应活性影响很大,不能忽视。为此,通过测定流化床入口和出口的SO₂浓度变化来判断加入床中的石灰石样品的反应活性。由于凡是能引起SO₂浓度变化的物质都与石灰石的反应活性有关,从而克服了原有方法仅考虑CaO重量变化的片面性。本文也采用了动力学方法建立了石灰石反应动力学模型,并利用线性化方法对其反应速率常数Ｋ进行线性估计,建立了石灰石化学成分与活性关系的数学模型。     

冬季黄渤海DMS、DMSP和CH4的分布及影响因素

于2017年12月~2018年1月现场测定了黄、渤海表层海水中二甲基硫（DMS）、二甲巯基丙酸内盐（DMSP）以及溶解甲烷（CH₄）的含量，对DMS、DMSP及CH₄的浓度分布和相互关系进行了研究.通过培养实验探究了DMSP降解对DMS和CH₄生成的影响，并估算了DMS及CH₄的海-气通量.结果表明，表层海水中DMS、DMSPd、DMSPp及CH₄的平均浓度分别为（1.39±1.21），（2.87±1.54），（5.59±4.64），（6.91±2.77）nmol/L.DMS、DMSP与Chl-a水平分布基本一致，均呈现近岸高、远海低的趋势.垂直分布上，DMS、DMSP浓度最大值均出现在浅水层，而CH₄浓度则随深度的增加而增大，至底层达到最大值.相关性分析表明，DMS、DMSPp与Chl-a存在显著的正相关关系，CH₄与DMSPd、DMSPp浓度均存在一定的正相关性（P<0.05）.培养实验结果表明，海水中本底DMSPd的浓度越高，DMS的生产速率越大.冬季黄、渤海DMS和CH₄海-气通量的平均值分别为（2.73±3.18），（8.14±7.68）μmol/（m²·d），表明冬季黄、渤海是大气中DMS、CH₄重要的源.     

Substrate-induced changes in microbial community-level physiological profiles and their application to discriminate soil microbial communities

The addition of simple substrates could affect the microbial respiration in soils. This substrate-induced respiration is widely used to estimate the soil microbial biomass, but little attention has been paid to its influence on the changes of community-level physiological profiles. In this study, the process of microbial communities responding to the added substrate using sole-carbon-source utilization （BIOLOG） was investigated. BIOLOG is biased toward fast-growing bacteria; this advantage was taken to detect the prompt response of the active microbial communities to the added substrate. Four soil samples from agricultural fields adjacent to heavy metal mines were amended with L-arginine, citric acid, or D-glucose. Substrate amendments could, generally, not only increase the metabolic activity of the microbial communities, but also change the metabolic diverse patterns compared with no-substrate control. By tracking the process, it was found that the variance between substrate-induced treatment and control fluctuated greatly during the incubation course, and the influences of these three substrates were different. In addition, the application of these induced changes to discriminate soil microbial communities was tested. The distance among all samples was greatly increased, which further showed the functional variance among microbial communities in soils. This can be very useful in the discrimination of microbial communities even with high similarity.     

非热等离子体与催化相结合去除气相低浓度苯系物

利用串齿线-简体构成的等离子体反应器,研究了非热等离子体及其与Pt/Al2O3或Mn/Al2O3催化剂组合作用下的苯系物转化率、COx产率和O3生成情况.结果表明.苯系物转化率排序为对二甲苯＞甲苯＞苯.产生非热等离子体的放电区后接Pt/Al2O3或Mn/Al2O3催化剂可提高苯系物的转化率,并使达到相同转化率所对应的电压降低1～2kV,等离子体与催化剂之间表现出明显的协同效应.非热等离子体放电与Pt/Al2O3或Mn/Al2O3催化剂组合后也有利于苯系物向COx转化及去除放电产生的O3,可使最大COx产率从80%分别提高到86%和100%,而反应器出口的最大O3浓度则从707mg·m-3分别降至339mg·dm-3和39mg·dm-3.经过等离子体反应器、催化剂以及两者组合方式的优化,等离子体放电协同Mn/Al2O3催化剂工艺有望成为处理气相低浓度有机物的实用方法.     

生态足迹模型的修正及在天津地区的应用探讨

文章介绍了生态足迹模型,指出了存在的缺陷并从四个方面进行了相应的修正:分别计算生产足迹、输入输出足迹以进行生态足迹来源的分析;将淡水资源足迹纳入模型;计算生态承载力时结合资源产出法以克服生态足迹模型的空间互斥性;计算CO2吸收用地的生态承载力。将改进后的模型应用于天津市2003年的生态足迹分析。结果显示:天津市消费足迹大于生产足迹,依赖外部输入资源抵消部分生态赤字,这一点在淡水足迹的输入上尤其明显;另外,生态承载力的计算结果要大于传统算法的结果,一方面因为传统算法中承载力由于空间互斥性被低估,另一方面修正后的模型考虑了CO2吸收用地的承载力。最后,提出了缓解天津市生态压力实现可持续发展的若干建议。     

电动力学技术修复苯酚污染土壤的研究

用电动力学技术对苯酚污染砂土的修复进行了实验研究.探讨了苯酚污染砂土电动力学修复的可行性及在不同电场强度下苯酚的迁移特征和机制.研究了采用添加阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)和控制液(柠檬酸和NaOH)等对迁移效果的影响,以及苯酚在砂土中的迁移和分布规律.实验结果表明,在电场作用下苯酚在砂土中发生富集.在电场强度为2.0V/cm时的苯酚富集效果明显,比在电场强度为0.5 V/cm时苯酚多增加30%,且向阳极的迁移距离增大了12 cm;在阴极添加不同浓度的LAS,苯酚在砂土中的富集效果不同,LAS浓度越大向阳极迁移得越快富集效果越明显,当LAS为0.046 0 mol/L时苯酚最高增加了143%;向阳极添加NaOH,苯酚在阳极区增加了136%,比向阴极添加柠檬酸的效果明显.     

Response relationships between abrupt seasonal temperature changes/warming (cooling) hiatuses in China and their influencing factors

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The mechanisms of abrupt seasonal temperature changes and warming (cooling) hiatuses remain unclear. Clarifying how they respond to various...     

生物-物化工艺处理造纸工业废水实例分析

以任丘市星火集团公司造纸厂废水处理工程为例，介绍了采用生物处理、物化处理相结合的工艺处理造纸工业废水的工艺流程以及主要设计参数。该工艺运行稳定，处理效果好，ＣＯＤ的去除率达到８０％以上，处理后的废水水质达到了《造纸工业水污染物排放标准》（ＧＢ３５４４－９２）中的二级标准。