Electro-conductive crosslinked polyaniline/carbon nanotube nanofiltration membrane for electro-enhanced removal of bisphenol A

● A crosslinked polyaniline/carbon nanotube NF membrane was fabricated. ● Electro-assistance enhanced the removal rate of the NF membrane for bisphenol A. ● Intermittent voltage-assistance can achieve nearly 100% removal of bisphenol A. ● Membrane adsorption–electro-oxidation process is feasible for micropollutant removal. Nanofiltration (NF) has attracted increasing attention for wastewater treatment and potable water purification. However, the high-efficiency removal of micropollutants by NF membranes is a critical challenge. Owing to the adsorption and subsequent diffusion, some weakly charged or uncharged micropollutants, such as bisphenol A (BPA), can pass through NF membranes, resulting in low removal rates. Herein, an effective strategy is proposed to enhance the BPA removal efficiency of a crosslinked polyaniline/carbon nanotube NF membrane by coupling the membrane with electro-assistance. The membrane exhibited a 31.9% removal rate for 5 mg/L BPA with a permeance of 6.8 L/(m²·h·bar), while the removal rate was significantly improved to 98.1% after applying a voltage of 2.0 V to the membrane. Furthermore, when BPA coexisted with humic acid, the membrane maintained 94% removal of total organic carbon and nearly 100% removal of BPA at 2.0 V over the entire filtration period. Compared to continuous voltage applied to the membrane, an intermittent voltage (2.0 V for 0.5 h with an interval of 3.5 h) could achieve comparable BPA removal efficiency, because of the combined effect of membrane adsorption and subsequent electrochemical oxidation. Density functional theory calculations and BPA oxidation process analyses suggested that BPA was adsorbed by two main interactions: π–π and hydrogen-bond interactions. The adsorbed BPA was further electro-degraded into small organic acids or mineralized to CO₂ and H₂O. This work demonstrates that NF membranes coupled with electro-assistance are feasible for improving the removal of weakly charged or uncharged micropollutants.     

Salinity exchange between seawater/brackish water and domestic wastewater through electrodialysis for potable water

● Present a general concept called “salinity exchange”. ● Salts transferred from seawater to treated wastewater until completely switch. ● Process demonstrated using a laboratory-scale electrodialysis system. ● High-quality desalinated water obtained at ~1 mL/min consuming < 1 kWh/m ³ energy. Two-thirds of the world’s population has limited access to potable water. As we continue to use up our freshwater resources, new and improved techniques for potable water production are warranted. Here, we present a general concept called “salinity exchange” that transfers salts from seawater or brackish water to treated wastewater until their salinity values approximately switch, thus producing wastewater with an increased salinity for discharge and desalinated seawater as the potable water source. We have demonstrated this process using electrodialysis. Salinity exchange has been successfully achieved between influents of different salinities under various operating conditions. Laboratory-scale salinity exchange electrodialysis (SEE) systems can produce high-quality desalinated water at ~1 mL/min with an energy consumption less than 1 kWh/m³. SEE has also been operated using real water, and the challenges of its implementation at a larger scale are evaluated.     

Enhancement of extracellular Cr(VI) reduction for anammox recovery using hydrazine: performance,pathways, and mechanism

● N₂H₄ addition enhanced and recovered anammox performance under Cr(VI) stress. ● N₂H₄ accelerated electron transfer of Cr(VI) reduction for detoxification. ● N₂H₄ enhanced anammox metabolism for activity recovery from Cr(VI) inhibition. ● Extracellular Cr(VI) reduction to less toxic Cr(III) was the dominant mechanism. The hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) would frequently impose inhibition to anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process, hindering the efficiency of nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment. Hydrazine (N₂H₄), which is an intermediate product of anammox, participates in intracellular metabolism and extracellular Cr(VI) reduction. However, the roles of N₂H₄-induced intracellular metabolism and extracellular reduction in nitrogen removal under Cr(VI) stress remain unclear. The addition of 3.67 mg/L of N₂H₄ increased the anammox activity by 17%. As an intermediate, N₂H₄ enhanced anammox metabolism by increasing the heme c content and electron transfer system activity. As a reductant, N₂H₄ accelerated the reduction of c-Cyts-mediated extracellular Cr(VI) to the less toxic Cr(III). Extracellular Cr(III) accounts for 74% of the total Cr in a Cr(VI)-stressed anammox consortia. These findings highlight that N₂H₄-induced extracellular Cr(VI) reduction is the dominant mechanism for the survival of anammox consortia. We also found that N₂H₄ increased the production of extracellular polymeric substances to sequester excessive Cr(VI) and produced Cr(III). Taken together, the study findings suggest a potential strategy for enhancing nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich wastewater contaminated with Cr(VI).     

CDM项目温室气体减排成本的不确定性分析

以清洁发展机制(CDM)为背景,针对计算温室气体排放量和减排成本中存在的不确定性进行了MonteCarlo模拟研究,分析了不确定性变量是如何影响决策变量的.结论是:各类碳排放因子、碳排放量、碳减排成本、减排收益是相互关联而存在连锁影响的,其中的发电碳排放因子和煤炭开采释放的甲烷排放系数是主要的.这为进一步计算或估计存在的风险,从而为参与CDM谈判决策提供重要的决策参考.     

UASB和MBR组合工艺处理生活垃圾焚烧发电厂渗滤液

以江苏某处理规模为150 m3/d垃圾焚烧发电厂渗滤液处理工程为例,介绍了升流式厌氧污泥反应床(UASB)和膜生化反应器(MBR)组合处理工艺在焚烧厂渗滤液处理中的应用情况。工艺首先采用厌氧工艺降低处理水体的有机物负荷,在水体中有机污染物浓度得到一定降低的条件下,采用MBR工艺进一步降低水体中的氨氮和有机污染物浓度。经过处理后,出水CODCr可降低至1 g/L以下,出水氨氮低于25 mg/L。     

气泡雾化细水雾灭油盘火的试验研究与机理分析

为研究气泡雾化细水雾灭火的机理和影响因素,利用自行研制的气泡雾化细水雾系统进行了以汽油油盘火为火源的灭火试验,改变气泡雾化细水雾喷头的压力和流量,记录不同工况下的灭火时间、火焰温度、辐射热和火焰形态的变化,对气泡雾化细水雾的灭火过程进行分类,分析各类灭火过程的主要灭火机理和压力与流量对灭火有效性的影响规律.结果表明,气泡雾化细水雾针对汽油油盘火具有良好的灭火效果,其灭火过程可分为瞬时灭火、短时间灭火和长时间灭火3种类型,每种类型的灭火过程有不同的主要灭火机理.     

氯化铵浸取法回收盐泥中的镁

以盐泥为原料,采用氯化铵浸取回收盐泥中的Mg²⁺,以浸取液和回收的氨反应制取氢氧化镁产品。考察了盐泥浆液固含量、浸取时间、物料比（氯化铵与盐泥中氢氧化镁的摩尔比）等工艺条件对Mg²⁺浸取率的影响,并以比表面积为考察指标进行正交实验,确定氢氧化镁的最佳制备条件。实验结果表明：在盐泥浆液固含量为248 g/L、浸取时间为100 min、物料比为2.3的条件下,Mg²⁺浸取率为75.0%;在n（MgCl₂）:n（NH₄Cl）=0.5、氨水浓度3 mol/L、氨水滴加速率 0.8 mL/min、反应温度 90 ℃的最佳条件下,制备的氢氧化镁的比表面积为17.87 m²/g,粒径约为3 μm。该工艺简单可行,为盐泥的综合利用提供了新的思路。     

土地利用/覆盖变化对长江流域非点源污染的影响及其信息系统建设

随着社会经济的发展,不合理土地利用方式/土地覆盖变化造成的非点源污染已成为长江流域水环境不断恶化的重要原因之一。长江流域,特别是长江中上游地区是我国水土流失的重点地区之一。水土流失将泥沙和土壤中的营养元素、残留的农药、化肥及动植物残体带入水体,使水体悬浮物、化学需氧量、总磷、总氮等含量增加,水质污染加重,这是造成长江干流汛期水质变差的主要原因。虽然针对长江流域的研究很多,但土地利用/覆盖变化对长江流域水质的非点源污染却一直没有引起人们的足够重视。在分析当前长江流域非点源污染现状和3S技术的基础上,提出建立基于土地利用/覆盖变化的长江流域非点源污染模拟信息系统,并结合3S技术勾画出该系统的框架。该系统的建设和应用,对维持流域生态平衡,采取合理的土地管理方式,保护长江水资源的可持续利用,特别是三峡库区的生态安全具有重要意义。     

模糊综合评价法在乐安河水质评价中的应用

根据模糊数学的原理,建立了地表水环境质量模糊综合评价模型,模型不仅计算简便而且充分体现了其系统性、综合性的特点。利用建立的模型对江西省重点整治的河流乐安河进行了水质评价,为污染控制提供了科学依据。     

贵州七星洞石笋文石-方解石序列记录的气候变化

文石-方解石型石笋的矿物相变化可能与气候环境变化存在联系,但中国季风区有关此类石笋的古气候研究比较匮乏.本文对七星洞一个文石-方解石型石笋开展了岩石学鉴定和氧、碳同位素组成分析,发现其文石层的出现与δ18O值、δ13C值的显著偏正存在联系,通过对文石形成的可能机制和δ18O、δ13C值变化的一般规律进行综合分析,验证了...