安徽某粮油加工厂废水处理工艺设计与调试

论述了安徽某粮油加工厂综合废水的来源、水质、处理工艺与调试实践。该综合废水有机物浓度高、含油量大,较难处理。设计采用隔油处理、气浮除杂、兼氧水解酸化、好氧生化的工艺步骤进行处理,系统调试结果表明出水水质完全达国家三级排放标准。介绍了该工艺流程的特点及生产实践中应注意的问题。     

铬污染建筑废物清洗剂的筛选

以原海北化工厂的铬污染建筑废物为研究对象,用微波消解、碱消解-共沉淀和改良BCR顺序提取法,研究了不同粒径样品总Cr和Cr(Ⅵ)以及各形态Cr的含量,探讨了6种清洗剂对样品总Cr和Cr(Ⅵ)的清洗效果,最终筛选出合适的清洗剂. 结果表明:粒径对样品总Cr和Cr(Ⅵ)以及各形态Cr含量的影响不显著,对样品总Cr和Cr(Ⅵ)的解吸无影响. 水洗1次后,总Cr和Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率分别为75.24%和77.59%;用6种清洗剂第2次清洗后,柠檬酸、高浓度盐酸和高浓度醋酸对总Cr和Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率最高,均达到94%以上,说明这3种酸可将Cr(Ⅵ)还原为Cr(Ⅲ),从而去除Cr(Ⅵ). 从经济环保角度考虑,宜选择柠檬酸作为二次清洗剂.      

Water shortages and countermeasures for sustainable utilisation in the context of climate change in the Yellow River Delta region,China

With an increasing population and rapid development of the economy and society of the Yellow River Basin region, the Yellow River is at crisis point. The discrepancy between supply and demand of water resources is a key issue. In 2000–2006, the mean annual discharge of the Yellow River entering the delta was 13.2 billion m³, a reduction of 18.6 billion m³ compared with the 1980s, and 9 billion m³ less than in the 1990s. The water requirements of various sectors are increasing. Large amounts of water essential to maintain the health of the delta ecosystem have been diverted for other users. The lower river channel is shrinking and the threat of flooding is becoming severe. Moreover, water pollution is increasing to a serious level; the river mouth ecosystem is subject to degradation. Due to overall decreased flow into the delta, and almost no flow into the delta for much of the year except in wet periods, biodiversity is threatened and there has been degradation of the ecological environment. In view of the water scarcity and variation in water supply, particularly in the context of climate change, measures need to be taken to realise sustainable water use in the Yellow River Delta region. In view of the lack of a complete index system for sustainable utilisation of regional water resources in China, this paper examines the major countermeasures for sustainable water use in the region. A rational adjustment mechanism for water prices is needed. Adjustment of agricultural infrastructure and water saving need to be directed by water prices, and thus the reasonable exploitation of groundwater must also be directed by water prices. Participation of the public is to be encouraged, with the development of a water user association that will become involved in formulating water rights, water allocation and water prices. Decision-making, management and supervision of this association will be done in a democratic way to promote the social management of water saving.     

隧道衬砌空洞积水的探地雷达识别研究

衬砌空洞是运营隧道中的常见病害,由于其内部介质复杂,尤其当积水存在时,探地雷达(GPR)识别存在较大难度和误差。针对空洞积水的情况,利用MATLAB编程,建立空洞和不同电导率的空洞积水数值模型,用时域有限差分法(FDTD)进行探地雷达二维正演模拟,通过分析正演图谱和单道波形,得出空洞及积水的响应规律。制作隧道衬砌混凝土模型,应用探地雷达扫描测试,并与正演模拟结果进行对比分析。结果表明,雷达正演与模型试验结果相似;未积水的空洞反射波相位与入射波相反;空洞积水的雷达信号反射更明显,其反射波相位与入射波相同;电磁波在水介质中迅速衰减,空洞积水时,其大小难以定量识别。     

中国工业烟尘排放状况研究

烟尘是工业最主要的污染气体排放之一,它不仅威胁人体健康,还严重破坏区域环境。为了研究分析2001—2009年中国工业烟尘排放的发展趋势及其影响因素,并有针对性地提出工业烟尘减排的建议与对策,文章首先根据中国工业的经济与环境数据,描述分析了2001—2009年工业烟尘排放的发展趋势,再利用对数平均迪氏指数法（LMDI）将工业烟尘排放的影响因素分解为规模效应、结构效应、技术效应和治理效应4个子因素。通过对比分析各子因素的影响程度和发展变化情况,得出规模效应是工业烟尘排放的重要来源,技术效应和治理效应是工业烟尘减排的主要动力,而结构效应是未来烟尘减排的重要方向等结论。文章根据各工业子行业的烟尘产生与排放量,建议将化工及金属行业,水热电气供应业作为目前工业烟尘减排中的重点行业,这两个行业的烟尘产生量与排放量之和均达到工业烟尘产生量与排放量的80%以上。通过对比各影响因素对各工业子行业的影响程度,指出各子行业烟尘减排的主要方向与存在的障碍。     

Reduction of carbon dioxide into tetraiodomethane at 1?atm

We here report that by using electronegative gas of iodine and CO₂ under negative corona discharge, tetraiodomethane could be synthesized at 70?°C and 1?atm without any catalyst, despite thermodynamically infeasible at ambience without electron discharge. The conversion of carbon dioxide reached 88.71?% at a gas flow rate of 0.06?L/min and a discharge frequency of 9.608?kHz. The anion-involved CO₂ reduction process could be implemented efficiently under mild conditions, avoiding high temperature and high pressure.     

In situ enhanced bioremediation of dichlorvos by a phyllosphere Flavobacterium strain

A bacterium capable of degrading dichlorvos was isolated from the rape phyllosphere and designated YD4. The strain was identified as Flavobacterium sp., based on its phenotypic features and 16S rRNA gene sequence. Strain YD4 was able to utilize dichlorvos as the sole source of phosphorus. In situ enhanced bioremediation of dichlorvos by YD4 was hereafter studied. Chlorpyrifos and phoxim could also be degraded by this strain as the sole phosphorus source. A higher degradation rate of dichlorvos was observed after spraying YD4 onto the surface of rape leaves when compared to the sterilized-YD4 and water-treated samples. The results indicated that pesticide-degrading epiphytic bacterium could become a new way for in situ phyllosphere bioremediation where the hostile niche is unsuitable for other pesticide-degrading bacteria isolated from soil and water.     

袋式除尘器稀相气力输灰技术研究

介绍了袋式除尘器稀相气力输灰技术,并对其相关试验系统进行了描述,分析了各阻力系数与料气比之间的关系,给出了各阻力系数的取值范围,供工程设计人员参考。     

加氢装置丙烯罐泄漏事故应急救援预案

主要针对化工事业部重大危险源加氢装置丙烯罐的泄漏事故建立企业级现场预案,从应急管理的六个一级关键要素:方针与原则、应急策划、应急准备、应急响应、现场恢复和预案管理与评审改进来规范应急预案的编写,为应急救援人员进行大型事故处理和策划实地演练提供指导.     

山东南四湖底泥典型重金属的形态分布、稳定度与风险评价

为研究南四湖底泥重金属赋存形态与稳定度的空间差异,利用柱状底泥采样器分别在南阳湖、独山湖、昭阳湖和微山湖采集原位柱状样,在对典型重金属Pb、Cd、Hg、As形态分析的基础上,结合地积累指数法和潜在生态风险指数法,对表层底泥(0-4 cm)重金属污染程度进行评价,并对其稳定性进行分析.结果表明,南四湖的4个湖区采样点位表...