太湖流域（苏州片）水质同步监测调查与评价

综合分析了太湖流域（苏州片）达标排放前后的水质变化情况,讨论了达标排放与水质变化之间的关系,评价了水污染控制的效果。     

Rural Households’ Attitude and Economic Strategies Toward the Conversion of Cropland to Forest and Grassland Program (CCFG): A Case Study in Qira,China

The Conversion of Cropland to Forest and Grassland Program (CCFG), which was initiated by the Chinese government in 1999, is a cropland retirement program with integrated objectives for ecological preservation and local development. The purpose of this article was to study the influencing factors of attitude and economic strategies in rural households toward the CCFG. Rural households’ knowledge, attitude and economic strategies toward the CCFG were investigated through a questionnaire survey in Qira, China. Influencing factors of attitude and strategies of households were analyzed using a logit model technique. The analysis indicated that household’s income level, environmental knowledge of the program, and program implementation were significant influencing factors in a household’s attitude toward the CCFG, while major influencing factors of household strategies were their regional background and availability of income generation sources. Meaningful association was not found between attitude and strategy choices. Rich households had more strategy choices, while poor households were usually confined to low input strategies with uncertain income. To sustain their livelihood, the poor need extra assistances in marketing, loan granting, employment training, information, and technical services.     

A/O-膜生物反应器和A~2O系统中有机物分子量分布的对比研究

采用凝胶过滤色谱(GPC)对A/O-膜生物反应器(A/O-MBR)和A2O系统中有机物分子量分布进行了对比研究.结果表明,A/O-MBR系统中由进水到好氧滤液的有机物分子量分布依次变宽,其趋势恰好与A2O系统相反;A/O-MBR好氧滤液的有机物分子量分布远宽于A2O好氧滤液.A/O-MBR好氧滤液中重均分子量(Mw)＞107 u的有机物占总有机物质量的3.4%,表明正是由于膜的截留作用导致这类大分子有机物在MBR中的累积,而无法像A2O系统一样随出水流走;A/O-MBR系统各段污泥混合液的胞外聚合物(EPS)的分子量分布较分散,说明A/O-MBR系统中微生物新陈代谢产物多,并在膜的截留作用下最终造成了这些产物在膜表面大量的沉积.     

改性前后陶粒去除H2S的对比实验研究

分别以改性前后陶粒作为生物滴滤塔填料,进行去除H2S的对比实验研究.结果表明,改性后陶粒表面性质优于改性前陶粒;改性后陶粒挂膜时间短,对H2S降解菌有较强的吸附周定作用,适宜H2S降解菌生长,生物含量高;在H2S初始质量浓度为124～4 396 mg/m3时,改性后陶粒对H2S的去除能力优于改性前陶粒.     

膜生物反应器中不同阶段微生物群落结构演变的研究

为了研究膜生物反应器（membrane bioreactor, 简称MBR）中微生物群落结构的演变情况,对不同阶段运行状况下(包括培养驯化阶段、初期增长阶段、污泥流失阶段和恢复成熟阶段4个阶段)污泥中的微生物进行了考察。从MBR污泥中提取细菌总基因组DNA,进行聚合酶链式反应变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)图谱的直观分析,以及总细菌的Shannon多样性指数、各污泥样品的相似性分析和聚类分析。研究表明,反应器中的微生物群落比较丰富。不同的阶段状况下,微生物的群落结构变化比较明显,能够比较好地反映MBR的运行状况和系统处理效能的关系,并且发现微生物的群落结构能够随着反应器的运行状况的变化做出调整恢复。     

Evaluating the air quality impacts of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games: On-road emission factors and black carbon profiles

The aggressive traffic interventions and emission control measures implemented to improve air quality during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games created a valuable case study to evaluate the effectiveness of these measures on mitigating air pollution and protecting public health. In this paper, we report the results from our field campaign in summer 2008 on the on-road emission factors of carbon monoxide, black carbon (BC) and ultrafine particles (UFP) as well as the ambient BC concentrations. The fleet average emission factors for light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGV) showed considerable reduction in the Olympic year (2008) compared to the pre-Olympic year (2007). Our measurement of Black Carbon (BC), a primary pollutant, at different elevations at the ambient site suggests consistent decrease in BC concentrations as the height increased near the ground level, which indicates that the nearby ground level sources, probably dominated by traffic, contributed to a large portion of BC concentrations in the lower atmospheric layer in Beijing during summertime. These observations indicate that people living in near ground levels experience higher exposures than those living in higher floors in Beijing. The BC diurnal patterns on days when traffic control were in place during the Olympic Games were compared to those on non-traffic-control days in both 2007 and in 2008. These patterns strongly suggest that diesel trucks are a major source of summertime BC in Beijing. The median BC concentration on Olympic days was 3.7 μg m⁻³, which was dramatically lower than the value on non-traffic-control days, indicating the effectiveness of traffic control regulations in BC reduction in Beijing.     

崇明东滩鸟类生境适宜性空间模糊评价

利用模糊数学方法、地理信息系统（GIS）和遥感（RS）技术,采用定性和定量相结合的方法构建了鸟类生境适宜性空间模糊评价模型,解决了隶属函数的空间化问题,扩展了模糊数学方法在自然保护区空间地理事物评价中的应用。通过评价几种鸟类的生境适宜性,结果表明：大多数鸟类在海三棱藨草外带和光滩适宜性最好,由此向内陆或水域方向适宜性降低,这一显著变化与崇明东滩环境演化趋势有着密切的关系;由于鸟类生活习性的差异,不同鸟类的空间适宜性范围存在一定的差异性;已有的保护区功能区划未能充分考虑当前鸟类生境适宜性情况,生境适宜性的评价结果可以为崇明东滩保护区的功能区划提供技术性指导。     

尿素/三乙醇胺吸收烟气NOx的实验研究

以尿素作为吸收液,与NO_x反应生成N₂和CO₂,脱除烟气中的氮氧化物。以一套双级串连的填料塔为主体反应器,分别对气速、液气比、反应物浓度、添加剂浓度和反应温度等参数对尿素溶液吸收NO_x反应的影响进行了实验研究,获得了优化实验工况,研究结果显示,在气速为0.1 m/s、液气比为16 L/m³、三乙醇胺为0.01%(质量比)、尿素浓度为13%（质量比）工况下, 反应温度为30~70℃,脱硝总效率可达50％以上,且随着NO_x体积分数增加而提高。     

自然灾害灾情的熵权综合评价模型

基于熵权理论提出了一种新的灾情综合评价模型.利用福建省2005-2006年主要台风灾害资料,选取受灾面积,成灾面积、受灾人口、死亡人数、倒塌房屋和直接经济损失6个指标对灾情进行评价.结果表明:应用熵权综合评价模型进行自然灾害灾情综合评价,避免了人为的主观任意性,评价结果与实际情况吻合得较好.因而,熵权综合评价模型是一种科学、实用的灾情评价方法.     

Mg2+对克雷伯氏菌NIII2及其诱变菌产絮凝剂特性的影响

研究了Mg2+对克雷伯氏菌NIII2及其诱变株NIII2-1、NIII2-2发酵产絮凝剂特性的影响作用。实验表明,发酵液未外加或投加较少量Mg2+时,3菌株均不分泌黄色物质,且易产酸,致使絮凝剂产量低,小于1.5 g/L。发酵液中加入Mg2+的浓度在0.5~0.7 mmol/L范围,絮凝剂产生时,伴随黄色分泌物出现,发酵液p H稳定在7.5左右,同时絮凝剂产量大大提高,可达9.7 g/L。未投加Mg2+,3菌株所产絮凝剂Zeta电位负值较大,分别为-59.2、-56.6、-52.1 m V,且蛋白质与糖含量比值小于0.5,絮凝活性低;而投加Mg2+所产絮凝剂Zeta电位值可升至-48.0 m V,3菌株所产絮凝剂中蛋白和糖含量比值分别可提高到1.87、3.29、2.03,对高岭土所产生的SS去除率均大于93%。未投加Mg2+时,诱变株NIII2-1、NIII2-2所产絮凝剂含有相当多的O-链接和N-链接的结构,而其他情况下所产絮凝剂则主要是O-链接结构。