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941.
The morphological expressions of imposex in gastropods have been classified into seven stages (S0–S6) with three types (a, b and c). This typical imposex scheme, however, fails to cover some new findings such as specimens with the proximal vas deferens section passing by the vaginal opening (VDSP) and aborted egg capsules. In the present study, Cantharus cecillei was sampled from the coastal waters of China from May to November in 2003. This species showed all the morphological expressions in the typical imposex scheme with the exception of S1b and S2b. In addition, specimens with VDSP occurred in all stages other than stage 4, and were documented for the first time with scanning electron micrographs or in histological sections. Besides VDSP, which was observed exteriorly, excrescent tissue, e.g. the vas deferens, also originated in the ventral channel or the inner wall of the pallial oviduct was extruded. Based on these new findings, the typical imposex scheme was modified to obtain one valid for C. cecillei. Types a*, b* and c* were added as new types corresponding to types a, b and c, respectively. S4* was also rearranged to correspond to S4; S4*, thus, no longer represented the end of imposex development. The updated scheme was not only valid for describing diverse expressions of imposex development in C. cecillei and Nassarius reticulatus, but could also be generalized to define various forms of VDSP in other species. Histological observation indicated that egg capsules would be blocked by the tissues of the vas deferens section or the extrusion of the pallial oviduct wall. This new mechanism, leading to the sterilization of imposex-affected females, was first conclusively revealed and described in the present scheme.Communicated by T. Ikeda, Hakodate 相似文献
942.
Golubev AV Golubeva VN Krylov NG Kuznetsova VF Mavrin SV Aleinikov AY Hoppes WG Surano KA 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2005,84(3):333-342
Lichens are widely used to assess the atmospheric pollution by heavy metals and radionuclides. However, few studies are available in publications on using lichens to qualitatively assess the atmospheric pollution levels. The paper presents research results applying epiphytic lichens as bio-monitors of quantitative atmospheric contamination with uranium. The observations were conducted during 2.5 years in the natural environment. Two experimental sites were used: one in the vicinity of a uranium contamination source, the other one - at a sufficient distance away to represent the background conditions. Air and lichens were sampled at both sites monthly. Epiphytic lichens Hypogimnia physodes were used as bio-indicators. Lichen samples were taken from various trees at about 1.5m from the ground. Air was sampled with filters at sampling stations. The uranium content in lichen and air samples as well as isotopic mass ratios (235)U/(238)U were measured by mass-spectrometer technique after uranium pre-extraction. Measured content of uranium were 1.45 mgkg(-1) in lichen at 2.09 E-04 microgm(-3) in air and 0.106 mgkg(-1) in lichen at 1.13 E-05 microgm(-3) in air. The relationship of the uranium content in atmosphere and that in lichens was determined, C(AIR)=exp(1.1 x C(LICHEN)-12). The possibility of separate identification of natural and man-made uranium in lichens was demonstrated in principle. 相似文献
943.
944.
945.
采用体元技术建立滑坡体真三维模型,通过基本三棱柱体构建具有复杂曲面结构的空间组合体,每个单元都赋予不同的属性,为滑坡体三维稳定性分析提供基本的前、后处理功能.以此为基础,并结合三维极限平衡分析计算方法,开发了相关的滑坡三维模拟与稳定性分析软件,并成功应用于清江库岸大型滑坡的三维仿真计算. 相似文献
946.
针对固定式可燃气体检测报警器运行管理中存在的问题进行了分析,并提出整治措施. 相似文献
947.
1 问题的提出 化学反应过程常常由于一些非预期的因素,如进料错误、杂质、反应器过热、冷却系统故障、外部火灾和搅拌失效等,使反应偏离正常操作范围,造成异常放热.若此时无法将所产生的热量迅速移除,则可能导致加速反应,形成自加速放热现象. 相似文献
948.
949.
Study of metabolites from the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by bacterial consortium enriched from mangrove sediments 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The PAH metabolites produced during degradation of fluorene, phenanthrene and pyrene by a bacterial consortium enriched from mangrove sediments were analyzed using the on-fiber silylation solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combining with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method. Seventeen metabolites at trace levels were identified in different PAH degradation cultures based on the full scan mass spectra. In fluorene degradation cultures, 1-, 2-, 3- and 9-hydroxyfluorene, fluorenone, and phthalic acid were detected. In phenanthrene and pyrene degradation cultures, various common metabolites such as phenanthrene and pyrene dihydrodiols, mono-hydroxy phenanthrene, dihydroxy pyrene, lactone and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene, methyl ester, and phthalic acid were found. The detection of various common and novel metabolites demonstrates that SPME combining with GC–MS is a quick and convenient method for identification as well as monitoring the real time changes of metabolite concentrations throughout the degradation processes. The knowledge of PAH metabolic pathways and kinetics within indigenous bacterial consortium enriched from mangrove sediments contributes to enhance the bioremediation efficiency of PAH in real environment. 相似文献
950.
The metallurgy industry and municipal waste incinerators are considered the main sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in many countries. This study investigated the emission factors and total emissions of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) emitted from metallurgy industries (including ferrous and nonferrous foundries) in Korea. The toxic equivalency (TEQ) emission factor of PCDD/Fs was the highest for secondary copper production, at 24451 ng I-TEQ/ton. The total estimated emissions of PCDD/Fs from these sources were 35.259 g I-TEQ/yr, comprising 0.088 g I-TEQ/yr from ferrous foundries, 31.713 g I-TEQ/yr from copper production, 1.716 g I-TEQ/yr from lead production, 0.111 g I-TEQ/yr from zinc production, and 1.631 g I-TEQ/yr from aluminum production. The total estimated annual amounts of dioxin-like PCBs emitted from these sources were 13.260 g WHO-TEQ/yr, comprising 0.014 g WHO-TEQ/yr from ferrous foundries, 12.675 g WHO-TEQ/yr from copper production, 0.170 g WHO-TEQ/yr from lead production, 0.017 g WHO-TEQ/yr from zinc production, and 0.384 g WHO-TEQ/yr from aluminum production. The highest emission factor was found for secondary copper smelting, at 9770 ng WHO-TEQ/ton. 相似文献