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811.
812.
针对我国长江典型江段丰、平、枯不同时期的地表水,采用了固相萃取—气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)的分析技术,调查了16种优先控制多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染状况.研究了长江干流PAHs的污染水平和分布特征,并在定量分析的基础上评估了长江干流PAHs的来源和生态风险.结果显示,Σ16PAHs浓度范围为2.22~1450.91ng/L,均值为107.04ng/L,其中,平水期武汉江段Σ16PAHs浓度最高,均值为1050.64ng/L,长江干流PAHs污染状况与近5a国内其他水体相比处于中等偏低水平.空间分布上长江典型江段地表水中Σ16PAHs从上游攀枝花江段到下游南京江段呈现出先上升后下降的趋势;时间分布上Σ16PAHs的变化趋势为平水期(187.78ng/L)>丰水期(73.30ng/L)>枯水期(38.02ng/L).由同分异构比值法分析表明:在枯水期和平水期中,煤炭、生物质燃烧和石油源是长江干流PAHs的主要来源,而丰水期PAHs主要源于煤炭、生物质燃烧,其中南京江段PAHs的来源较为复... 相似文献
813.
Hongyi Ao Chenxi Wu Xiong Xiong Liandong Jing Xiaolong Huang Kai Zhang Jiantong Liu 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(4):2121-2133
Qinghai Lake, situated on the Qinghai–Tibet plateau, is the largest lake in China. In this study, the water and sediment quality were investigated in Qinghai Lake, three sublakes, and five major tributaries. Both Na+ and Cl? were found to be the major ions present in Qinghai Lake and the three sublakes, while Ca2+ and HCO3? dominated the tributaries. Compared with historical data from the 1960s, the concentrations of NH4 +, NO3 ?, and soluble reactive silica have increased considerably, likely caused by increased human activities in the area. Compared to the historical data, chemical oxygen demand has increased and lake water transparency has decreased, likely related to an increase in nutrient levels. Relatively high concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were observed in Qinghai Lake sediments, although P fraction types and low water concentrations of these two indicate low possibility of transfer into the water column. The ratios of C/N suggest that the organic matter in the sediments are primarily from autochthonous sources. TN and total organic carbon in the sediment cores increased slowly up the core while TP and total inorganic carbon have been fairly constant. 相似文献
814.
Meng Si Boxiong Shen George Adwek Lifu Xiong Lijun Liu Peng Yuan Hongpei Gao Cai Liang Qihai Guo 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(3):49-71
Due to the increasingly strict emission standards of NOx on various industries, many traditional flue gas treatment methods have been gradually improved. Except for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) methods to remove NOx from flue gas, theoxidation method is paying more attention to NOx removal now because of the potential to simultaneously remove multiple pollutants from flue gas. This paper summarizes the efficiency, reaction conditions, effect factors, and reaction mechanism of NO oxidation from the aspects of liquid-phase oxidation, gas-phase oxidation, plasma technology, and catalytic oxidation. The effects of free radicals and active components of catalysts on NO oxidation and the combination of various oxidation methods are discussed in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of different oxidation methods are summarized, and the suggestions for future research on NO oxidation are put forward at the end. The review on the NO removal by oxidation methods can provide new ideas for future studies on the NO removal from flue gas. 相似文献
815.
Zhiyong Liu Jian Zheng Shaoming Pan Jianhua Gao 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(8):6539-6551
The 239+240Pu activities and 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios were analyzed using a double-focusing SF-ICP-MS for sediment core samples obtained in 2007–2008 from the North Jiangsu tidal flats in the Yellow Sea in China. Particular attention was focused on the 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios in the sediment to identify the origins of Pu isotopes. The profiles of 239+240Pu activities in the sediment cores are similar to those of the 137Cs activities. The 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios in the tidal flats showed typical global fallout values, indicating that this area did not receive the possible early direct close-in fallout or oceanic current transported Pu from the Pacific Proving Grounds (PPG). If any, the contribution of the PPG source Pu to the total Pu inventory is negligible. This is different from the sediments in the Yangtze River estuary in the East China Sea, where the PPG source Pu contributed ca. 45 % to the total inventory. In addition, the observation of the global fallout origin Pu in the North Jiangsu tidal flats indicated that the nuclear power plant in the region was not causing any alteration/contamination to the 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios. The 239+240Pu and 137Cs activities/inventories in the sediment cores showed correlation to the mean clay sediment compositions (fine particles) in the tidal flats. Therefore, mud deposits are served as sinks for the anthropogenic radionuclides in the tidal flats and the Yellow Sea. Integrated with the previously reported spatial distributions of 239+240Pu and 137Cs activities in the surface sediments of the Yellow Sea, the mechanism of Pu transport with the ocean currents and the scavenging characteristics in the Yellow Sea were discussed. 相似文献
816.
针对农村集中居住区地表硬化,高氮磷浓度的初期地表径流直排进而污染附近河道的问题,设计了"集水花坛-拦截沟"组合工艺,研究了4个不同水力停留时间(HRT)下处理初期地表径流的净化效果。结果表明:"集水花坛-拦截沟"组合工艺利用植物吸收、微生物降解及基质层吸附拦截的综合作用,有效降低了农村初期地表径流中的污染物浓度;在4种HRT条件下,该组合工艺均可快速去除径流水体中的悬浮物SS,去除率达96%以上;当HRT为3 d时,该组合工艺能够显著降低径流水体中的TN、TP及COD值,去除率分别达到90%、90%和75%以上,且出水TN和COD达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)Ⅲ类水标准,TP浓度达到V类水标准。以上结果可为农村初期地表径流的处理提供技术参考和数据支撑。 相似文献
817.
Lifang Wang Fengchang Wu Yongqiang Xiong Jidun Fang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(4):2390-2397
Based on the molecular distribution of bound fatty acid (BFA) compound classes in core sediments of Lake Dianchi combined with the compound-specific δ13C values of the straight-chain BFAs, origin and vertical changes of organic matters in the sediments were investigated. The results indicated a significant change of BFA sources over the past 700 years. Contrast to the low concentrations of the terrestrial BFAs, the abundance of BFAs derived from the plankton/bacteria in the top sections (1944–recent) was more than 80 %. The increasing proportions of the branched and unsaturated BFAs in total fatty acids were closely correlated with the heavy eutrophication and the frequent algal blooms in the decades. Furthermore, the positive shift of δ 13C of C16 and C18 (~2?‰) in the upper section might be an indicator of the excess phytoplankton productivity. However, it was found that the plankton/bacteria-derived BFAs were more easily degraded during the early diagenetic process. The special compound carbon isotopic compositions of the long straight-chain BFAs (C24 and C26) in the sediments showed a depletion of heavier δ 13C values (ca. ?30?‰) in the midsections (1559–1787), reflecting a relatively growing contribution of C3 plants to C4 plants or that C4 plant growth was inhibited in cold and arid climates during the period. 相似文献
818.
Chengchun Sun Zhenyao Shen Ruimin Liu Ming Xiong Fangbing Ma Ouyang Zhang Yangyang Li Lei Chen 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(12):8871-8880
Excessive inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus (N and P) degrade surface water quality worldwide. Impoundment of reservoirs alters the N and P balance of a basin. In this study, riverine nutrient loads from the upper Yangtze River basin (YRB) at the Yichang station were estimated using Load Estimator (LOADEST). Long-term load trends and monthly variabilities during three sub-periods based on the construction phases of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) were analyzed statistically. The dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) loads from the upper YRB for the period from 1990 to 2009 ranged from 30.47?×?104 to 78.14?×?104 t, while the total phosphorus (TP) loads ranged from 2.54?×?104 to 7.85?×?104 t. DIN increased rapidly from 1995 to 2002 mainly as a result of increased fertilizer use. Statistics of fertilizer use in the upper YRB agreed on this point. However, the trend of the TP loads reflected the combined effect of removal by sedimentation in reservoirs and increased anthropogenic inputs. After the TGD impoundment in 2003, decreasing trends in both DIN and TP loads were found. The reduction in DIN was mainly caused by ammonium consumption and transference. From an analysis of monthly loads, it was found that DIN had a high correlation to discharges. For TP loads, an average decrease of 4.91 % in October was found when the TGD impoundment occurred, but an increase of 4.23 % also occurred in July, corresponding to the washout from sediment deposited in the reservoir before July. Results of this study revealed the TGD had affected nutrient loads in the basin, and it had played a role in nutrient reduction after its operation. 相似文献
819.
Adsorption of Cd to natural biofilms in the presence of EDTA: effect of pH, concentration, and component addition sequence 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Xiuyi Hua Jinrui Hu Xu Jiang Deming Dong Zhiyong Guo Dapeng Liang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(2):1079-1088
Both dissolved organic matters (DOM) and natural biofilms are important substances in controlling the behavior of trace metals in natural aquatic environments. In this study, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was selected as a typical DOM to investigate the effect of DOM on the adsorption of trace metals to the biofilms in natural waters. The adsorption of Cd to biofilms, including adsorption isotherm at a fixed pH (pH?=?6.0) and pH-edge adsorption (pH ranging from 4.3 to 9.0) with different adsorption sequences, was determined without EDTA and in the presence of EDTA ([EDTA]?=?0.5 μmol/L for isotherms measurement and [EDTA]?=?0.5 and 2.0 μmol/L for pH-dependent adsorption). The presence of EDTA generally decreased the adsorption of Cd, and the effect was determined by solution pH, concentration of EDTA, and adsorption sequence. Higher concentration or higher pH usually resulted in a more significant decrease. The influence of adsorption sequence on the effect of EDTA was insignificant in lower pH range, while the adsorption usually decreased in the order of Cd only adsorption > Cd first adsorption > EDTA first adsorption ≈ simultaneous adsorption in higher pH range. The effect of EDTA could be attributed to the conversion of Cd speciation, the competition with the biofilms for Cd, and the dissolution of Mn oxides from the biofilms. EDTA affected the adsorption of Cd to natural biofilms, and the effect could be fairly significant. The role of Mn oxides in determining the behavior of trace metals might be underestimated. 相似文献
820.
以超声波预处理城市污水处理厂剩余污泥,考察不同功能密度下的超声波对污泥水解释放碳源过程的影响。结果表明,污泥经超声波预处理,可缩短污泥水解时间,促进VFA释放,且声能密度越大,促进作用越显著;当声能密度为0.138 W/mL、作用时间为1 min时,污泥水解4~5 d后,释放VFA达到800 mg/L,VFA/TN由初始的1.98提升至4.15,VFA/TP由初始的24.78提升至42.35。同时,超声波不仅破坏污泥絮体结构,而且提高了微生物中蛋白酶和辅酶F420的活性,更有利于污泥水解。 相似文献