滨州市浅层地下水化学时空变化及成因分析

随着海平面升高和全球气候变化,沿海城市地下水化学的长期演变规律研究变得尤为重要。通过采集2010～2020年滨州市浅层地下水样(250个),运用数理统计、ArcGIS空间插值、相关性分析、Piper三线图、Gibbs图及离子比等方法系统地分析了近10年来地下水化学时空演变规律及成因,结果表明：(1)研究区水体整体呈弱碱性,以微咸水为主,地下水阳离子以Na⁺为主,阴离子以Cl^-为主;由陆向海,水化学类型由Ca-SO₄·HCO₃型过渡到Na·Mg-HCO₃·SO₄、Na·Mg-Cl·HCO₃型,近海迅速转化为Na·Mg-Cl及Na-Cl型;(2)水化学组分年际变化表现为：TDS、Na⁺、Cl^-、SO₄^2-和NO^-₃在2012～2013年显著升高,2013～2020年波动降低,2013年区域TDS突增主要受海水...     

丹江口水库及其入库支流水体中微塑料组成与分布特征

微塑料污染是当前环境科学关注的研究热点.为探究国家一级水源保护区丹江口水库中微塑料的赋存状况,以水库及其入库支流表层水体为对象,于2019年丰水期进行采样调查分析,研究该区域的微塑料丰度、形状和类型,并结合丹江口水库的水文水动力条件揭示其微塑料空间分布特征.结果表明,丹江口水库水体中微塑料颜色各异,主要形状有颗粒、碎片、薄膜以及纤维类这4类,其中碎片类占比为84.2%,棕色和透明微塑料最为常见,而不同形状微塑料丰度空间分布差异明显;丰水期,水库库区微塑料平均丰度7248 n·m^-3,丹库的微塑料含量显著高于汉库;库区与支流中微塑料粒径大小主要在75~4703 μm之间,微塑料丰度随粒径的增加而下降,其中73.4%的微塑料粒径在500 μm以下;就微塑料材质而言,尼龙在丹江口水库中最普遍,数量比例为36.4%;其次是聚乙烯（PE）和聚丙烯（PP）等.     

高位池养虾对土壤微生物脂肪酸和土壤酶活及其表征的土壤质量的影响

为评价高位池养虾对土壤质量的影响,通过脂肪酸分析和土壤酶活测定比较海南岛白马井镇高位池土壤与原始土壤微生物群落结构与活性的变化.结果显示,高位池土壤的pH值和盐分含量显著升高,有机质和总N显著下降(P<0.05).脂肪酸分析表明,高位池土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌和微生物总量都显著下降(P<0.05),尤其真菌急剧下降(P<0.05),放线菌未检测到.土壤脱氢酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性在高位池土壤中也显著下降(P<0.05).总之,微生物群落结构显著变化,微生物生物量和活性在高位池土壤中都显著下降,表明长期的高位池养虾导致了土壤质量的下降.     

甲基硫菌灵生产废水处理的研究

采用沉淀-氧化-厌氧-好氧工艺处理甲基硫菌灵生产废水。研究结果表明,废水经沉淀一氧化预处理后,COD从10000～12000mg／L降至1000～1500mg／L,再经厌氧和好氧处理后COD最终降至70～80mg／L;从废水的第一、第三次沉淀中均可回收铜离子（可作为第二次沉淀用沉淀剂）,从废水的第二次沉淀中可回收硫氰化亚铜产品,该产品用途广泛、市场价值高,可显著降低废水处理的成本。     

Adsorption and redox reactions of heavy metals on synthesized Mn oxide minerals

Several Mn oxide minerals commonly occurring in soils were synthesized by modified or optimized methods. The morphologies, structures, compositions and surface properties of the synthesized Mn oxide minerals were characterized. Adsorption and redox reactions of heavy metals on these minerals in relation to the mineral structures and surface properties were also investigated. The synthesized birnessite, todorokite, cryptomelane, and hausmannite were single-phased minerals and had the typical morphologies from analyses of XRD and TEM/ED. The PZCs of the synthesized birnessite, todorokite and cryptomelane were 1.75, 3.50 and 2.10, respectively. The magnitude order of their surface variable negative charge was: birnessite> or =cryptomelane>todorokite. The hausmannite had a much higher PZC than others with the least surface variable negative charge. Birnessite exhibited the largest adsorption capacity on heavy metals Pb(2+), Cu(2+), Co(2+), Cd(2+) and Zn(2+), while hausmannite the smallest one. Birnessite, cryptomelane and todorokite showed the greatest adsorption capacity on Pb(2+) among the tested heavy metals. Hydration tendency (pK(1)) of the heavy metals and the surface variable charge of the Mn minerals had significant impacts on the adsorption. The ability in Cr(III) oxidation and concomitant release of Mn(2+) varied greatly depending on the structure, composition, surface properties and crystallinity of the minerals. The maximum amounts of Cr(III) oxidized by the Mn oxide minerals in order were (mmol/kg): birnessite (1330.0)>cryptomelane (422.6)>todorokite (59.7)>hausmannite (36.6).     

容积负荷对ANAMMOX生物滤池脱氮效能的影响及其基质动力学

采用2套启动成功的上向流厌氧氨氧化（ANAMMOX）生物滤柱,通过调节进水NaNO₂和（NH₄）₂SO₄ 的浓度负荷及水力负荷,改变进水容积负荷,探讨容积负荷对ANAMMOX生物滤柱脱氮效能的影响及其动力学模型。结果表明,滤速恒定条件下,通过提高进水基质浓度来提高进水TN容积负荷,其容积负荷去除动力学过程符合Monod-Haldane基质抑制模型。进水NH₄⁺-N与NO₂^--N浓度分别低于100 mg/L和133 mg/L时,反应器脱氮效果不受明显影响,TN容积去除负荷可达4.21 kg/（m³·d）,TN去除率可达80%以上。进水基质浓度恒定条件下,通过提高滤速来提高进水TN容积负荷,其容积负荷去除动力学过程符合零级动力学方程。不受基质浓度抑制的条件下,滤速为3.0 m/h、进水容积负荷为8.82 kg/（m³·d）时,反应器总氮容积负荷去除量可达7.15 kg/（m³·d）,总氮去除率可达81.1%。     

The littoral zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China: challenges and opportunities

For flood control purpose, the water level of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) varies significantly. The annual reservoir surface elevation amplitude is about 30 m behind the dam. Filling of the reservoir has created about 349 km² of newly flooded riparian zone. The average flooding period lasts for more than 6 months, from mid-October to late April. The dam and its associated reservoir provide flood control, power generation, and navigation, but there are also many environmental challenges. The littoral zone is the important part of the TGR, once its eco-health and stability are damaged,which will directly endanger the ecological safety of the whole reservoir area and even the Yangtze River Basin. So, understanding the great ecological opportunities which are hidden in littoral zone of TGR (LZTGR) and putting forward approaches to solve the environmental problems are very important. LZTGR involves a wide field of problems, such as the landslides, potential water pollution, soil erosion, biodiversity loss, land cover changes, and other issues. The Three Gorges dam (TGD) is a major trigger of environmental change in the Yangtze River. The landslides, water quality, soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, dam operation, and challenge for land use are closely interrelated across spatial and temporal scales. Therefore, the ecological and environmental impacts caused by TGD are necessarily complex and uncertain. LZTGR is not only a great environmental challenge but also an ecological opportunity for us. In fact, LZTGR is an important structural unit of TGR ecosystem and has special ecosystem services function. Vegetation growing in LZTGR is therefore a valuable resource due to accumulation of carbon and nutrients. Everyone thinks that the ecological approach to the problem is needed. If properly designed, dike–pond systems, littoral woods systems, and re-created waterfowl habitats will have the capacity to capture nutrients from uplands and obstruct soil erosion. Ecological engineering approaches can therefore reduce environmental impacts of LZTGR and optimize ecological services. In view of the current situation and existing ecological problems of LZTGR, according to function demands such as environmental purification, biodiversity conservation, and vegetation carbon sink enhancement, we should explore the eco-friendly utilization mode of resources in LZTGR. Ecological engineering approaches might minimize the impacts or optimize the ecological services. Natural regeneration and ecological restoration in LZTGR are valuable for soil erosion decrease, pollutant purification, biodiversity conservation, carbon sink increase, and ecosystem health maintenance in TGR.     

极端干旱区咸水灌溉人工防护林土壤可溶性碳的垂直分布及其影响因素

可溶性碳(DC)是土壤中最活跃的碳组分,植被恢复与重建加速了干旱荒漠区的碳循环过程.研究咸水灌溉下沙漠人工防护林地土壤剖面DC的分布,可为干旱荒漠区人工林的管理和开发利用提供理论支撑和决策依据.本研究选取塔克拉玛干沙漠公路沿线5个不同矿化度咸水滴灌林地作为研究样地,流沙地为对照(CK),分析并讨论了0～1 m剖面土壤可溶性有机碳(SDOC)和可溶性无机碳(SDIC)的垂直分布特征及其与各因子间的相关关系.结果表明,CK与2.82 g·L^-1矿化度滴灌处理SDOC、SDIC呈"I"型分布,其分布满足线性函数关系,其他各样地SDOC和SDIC均呈"Γ"型分布,分布满足幂函数关系;所有处理表层SDOC、SDIC波动能力及贡献度均高于下层土壤,且SDOC波动及贡献度均大于SDIC, 2.82 g·L^-1之外的各林地SDOC平均含量是SDIC的2～4倍;2.82 g·L^-1样地SDOC平均含量低于CK,其他各样地SDOC是CK的3～5倍,各样地SDIC含量较CK增加了15.0%～57.9%;矿化度高于2.82 g·L^-1...     

Guar Gum-Alginate Gel Coated Etherified Fenugreek Seed Mucilage-Alginate Microhybrids as Stomach-Targeting Flurbiprofen-Cargos

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - The present investigation aimed at developing core–shell structured partially etherified fenugreek seed mucilage (EFSM)-sodium alginate (SA) based...