Air quality management in China: Issues, challenges, and options

This article analyzed the control progress and current status of air quality,identified the major air pollution issues and challenges in future,proposed the long-term air pollution control targets,and ...     

生物法净化处理低浓度挥发性有机及恶臭气体

结合课题组研究工作,概要介绍生物法废气净化技术的基础菌种及应用条件、菌种库与菌种批量生产线、初步工业应用等方面的研究成果与应用情况。     

固定化栅藻对污水的净化及其生理特征的变化

将斜生栅藻包埋固定在褐藻酸钙凝胶胶珠中。对人工配制的污水进行净化,研究其对污水中氨氮和正磷酸盐的净化效率以及净化过程中藻类的生长,叶绿素α含量、光合强度和过氧化物酶活性的变化。并与未固定的斜生栅藻（悬浮藻）进行对照比较,结果表明,由于固定化提高了斜生栅藻的合成代谢生理活性,延迟衰老,对污水中氨氮和正磷酸盐的净化效率明显提高     

Effect of seed sludge on characteristics and microbial community of aerobic granular sludge

Aerobic granular sludge was cultivated by using different kinds of seed sludge in sequencing batch airlift reactor.The influence of seed sludge on physical and chemical properties of granular sludge was studied;the microbial community structure was probed by using scanning electron microscope and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE).The results showed that seed sludge played an important role on the formation of aerobic granules.Seed sludge taken from beer wastewater treatment plant(inoculum A) was more suitable for cultivating aerobic granules than that of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plant(inoculum B).Cultivated with inoculum A, large amount of mature granules formed after 35 days operation, its SVI reached 32.75 mL/g, and SOUR of granular sludge was beyond 1.10 mg/(g·min).By contrast, it needed 56 days obtaining mature granules using inoculum B.DGGE profiles indicated that the dominant microbial species in mature granules were 18 and 11 OTU when inoculum A and B were respectively employed as seed sludge.The sequencing results suggested that dominant species in mature granules cultivated by inoculum A were Paracoccus sp., Devosia hwasunensi, Pseudoxanthomonas sp., while the dominant species were Lactococcus raffinolactis and Pseudomonas sp.in granules developed from inoculum B.     

可吸入颗粒物对我市环境空气质量的影响及对策建议

近年来,随着城市化建设进程的加速和环境保护工作的深入开展,城市环境空气质量的污染类型已由SO2与PMIO混合型污染,逐步转变为以扬尘为主要污染物的可吸入颗粒物污染,通过对我市市区空气质量状况、可吸入颗粒物污染成因分析,提出控制或削减可吸入颗粒物污染的对策建议。     

我国酸性降水来源探讨

我国的酸性降水存在着大气污染物的局地冲刷和中、长距离传输双重来源机制。我国南方重污染城市的酸性降水主要来源于城市高浓度大气污染物的局地冲刷;广阔区域和清洁地区的酸性降水则主要来源于大气污染物的中、长距离传输。酸性降水中局地来源和传输作用的贡献,因地而异,主要取决于当地的大气污染条件和气象条件。     

气候政策研究中的数学模型评述

按照成本分析和综合分析2个层次，分别介绍了投入产出模型、可计算一般均衡模型、宏观计量经济模型、工程经济模型、动态能源优化模型、能源系统模拟模型、综合评估模型等不同模型方法的特点及其在气候政策分析中的应用。指出可计算一般均衡模型是应用得最为广泛的方法之一。概括了气候政策模型研究的4个发展趋势，包括加强综合评估模型的应用、扩展成本与效益的内涵、注重不同模型之间的比较、强调不确定性分析。结果中国研究现状，分析了当前面昨的问题，认为国内气候政策模型研究与中国在国际气候变化领域的地位仍不相称，强度要进一步加强研究队伍建设、扩展研究领域、跟踪国际研究前沿问题，以便为国家的气候谈判政策提供更有效的科学依据和决策支持。     

西安市再生水利用存在问题及预测分析研究

污水作为一种稳定可靠、再生利用的水资源,经深度处理后可用作工业冷却水、城市杂用水、河流景观补充水及农业灌溉等方面。合理开发和利用再生水是解决水资源缺乏的有效途径。本文通过深入调查、分析西安市再生水利用现状,找出再生水利用率低的原因,提出针对性措施,并对防治对策进行定量分析,预测2015年西安市“污水再生利用率”为30．6％,可达到20％的国家考核要求。     

Fractionation of heavy metals in shallow marine sediments from Jinzhou Bay, China

This work investigated the distribution and speciation of Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe and Mn in the shallow sediments of Jinzhou Bay, Northeast China, which has been heavily contaminated by nonferrous smelting activities. The concentrations of Cd, Cu and Pb in sediments were found to be 100, 13 and 7 times, respectively, being higher than the national guideline (GB 18668-2002). Sequential extraction test showed that 39%-61% of Cd were exchangeable fractions, indicating that Cd in the sediments posed a high risk to local...