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61.
本文论述了政府失灵的内部性、外部性等五种政府失灵形式及其表现,指出政府失灵将加剧社会失灵或市场失灵,并进一步提出了遏制政府失灵的相关对策。 相似文献
62.
通过二维纵向横向平均水动力学和水质模型(CE-QUAL-W2模型)来模拟上海大型饮用水水库的水质状况。模型初步模拟了该水库中不同深度水层的水质状况,使用2011年1月到2011年11月单月(包含一年四季代表性)的数据对模型主要参数进行校正。结果显示,水质状况的模型计算值与实测值比较接近,与实际情况较吻合,AME和RMS值较好,预测该水库的水质是Ⅰ~Ⅱ类。通过本文对该(CE-QUAL-W2模型)的应用得出的结果显示,该模型也适合模拟一些具有湖泊特性的河流,尤其适用于对水体的水质评估。 相似文献
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随着改革开放和市场经济的不断发展,人们生活质量的不断提高,对于建筑内部装修和布置要求也越来越高档、豪华、舒适,尤其是一些歌舞厅、KTV包厢、桑拿浴室、网吧等公共娱乐场所以及宾馆、饭店、大型商场等公共聚集场所和不在少数的居民家庭,为了减轻结构自重,方便建筑内空间的合理划分和追求室内装饰时尚、品味,忽视消防安全,在建筑中大量使用易燃、可燃高分子材料,并大量使用合成及塑料制作的家具.…… 相似文献
66.
商用建筑中央空调所用冷却塔由于受局限,与办公和居民点距离过近,其噪声常常超标,因此商场冷却塔噪声需要治理是比较常见的问题。从噪声源分析入手,采用隔声、吸声、消声、淋水噪声控制及减震五种手段进行综合治理,收到了较好的效果。 相似文献
67.
Shiping Zhou Changqun Duan Wong Hang Gi Michelle Fazhong Yang Xuehua Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(4):676-680
Toxicities were assessed for a pyrethroid (cypermethrin) and an organophosphate insecticide (chlorpyrifos) individually and in
combination. A series of tests were conducted on di erent responses (acute, chronic, behavioral) of earthworms of species Eisenia
fetida andrei in the ecological risk assessment of these pesticides. The results showed that the toxicity of the mixture of cypermethrin
and chlorpyrifos was significantly higher than either of these pesticides individually, especially on the earthworm’s chronic responses.
At a concentration of 5 mg/kg, the mixture caused significant reductions on the growth and reproduction rates of earthworms, but did
not cause any significant e ect when the individual was tested. The increase in toxicity of the pesticide mixture means that the use of
toxicity data obtained exclusively from single-pesticide experiments may underestimate the ecological risk of pesticides that actually
present in the field. 相似文献
68.
Polyaspartic acid (PASP) has been extensively studied in recent years as a green scale inhibitor. PASP was synthesized by thermal polycondensation of maleic anhydride and ammonium carbonate in this study. The optimal polycondensation reaction conditions were the raw material (maleic anhydride and ammonium carbonate) molar ratio of 1.0:1.2, the polymerization temperature of 180°C and reaction time of 2.0 hr. The results showed that PASP exhibits very good scale inhibiting performance. The inhibition rate was 95% for calcium carbonate and 90% for calcium sulfate by the application of 5 mg/L PASP. 相似文献
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Arsenic in the environment is attracting increasing attention due to its chronic health effects. Although arsenite(As(III)) is generally more mobile and more toxic than arsenate(As(V)), reducing As(V) to As(III) may still be a means for decontamination, because As(III) can be removed from solution by precipitation with sulfide or by adsorption or complexation with other metal sulfides. The performance of As(V) bio-reduction under autohydrogenotrophic conditions was investigated with batch experiments. The results showed that As(V) reduction was a biochemical process while both acclimated sludge and hydrogen were essential. Most of the reduced arsenic remained in a soluble form, although 20% was removed with no addition of sulfate, while 82% was removed when sulfate was reduced to sulfide. The results demonstrated that the reduced arsenic was re-sequestered in the precipitates, probably as arsenic sulfides. Kinetic analysis showed that pseudo first-order kinetics described the bio-reduction process better than pseudo second-order. In particular, the influences of pH and temperature on As(V) reduction by acclimated sludge under autohydrogenotrophic conditions and total soluble As removal were examined. The reduction process was highly sensitive to both pH and temperature, with the optimum ranges of pH 6.5–7.0 and 30–40°C respectively. Furthermore, Arrhenius modeling results for the temperature effect indicated that the As(V) reduction trend was systematic. Total soluble As removal was consistent with the trend of As(V) reduction. 相似文献