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431.
432.
风险管理标准化述评 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
针对近年来三个重要的风险管理国际标准化文件:Guide 73:2002,澳大利亚的风险管理标准AS/NZS 4360:2004和ISO/CD 31000,以及国际减灾理事会的白皮书,评述了国际标准化文件在风险管理过程环节的基本条款和管理框架.Guide 73指引了风险管理领域最基础的术语,对全球的风险管理制定出通用的语言.它强调对于安全领域,风险管理把焦点放在危害的预防和减轻;AS/NZS 4360明确地确定了相关风险管理的定义,解释了风险管理的程序,重点强调要控制风险产生的后果;ISO/CD 31000聚合了大约26个国家的知识和经验,关注组织建立风险管理流程和不断地进行审评的重要性;IRGC强调群体感知是风险管理的前提,只有当群体认知到可能存在风险时,才会有利于用自己的判断经验去进行风险识别、划分和评价风险,进行风险评估.最后述评了中国风险管理标准化的工作以及在国际风险管理标准化中的贡献. 相似文献
433.
汶川8.0级地震后中江县水库震害调查与分析 总被引:6,自引:5,他引:1
汶川8.0级地震对四川省水库造成了严重的震害和巨大的经济损失.依据德阳市水库地震灾害的现场科学考察资料,对德阳市中江县19座高危险情以上的水库土石坝的震损现象做了初步总结和分析.这些震损水库基本上都建于1950-1980年代,未经抗震设计,典型震害现象包括水库坝顶中部及坝轴线两侧纵向裂缝、坝体纵横向裂缝、大坝沉陷、坝坡滑坡和护坡滑动、坝脚渗漏、水库泄水构筑物震损、防浪墙震裂等震害现象.这说明了对中小型水库土石坝进行抗震设防的必要性,今后应深入研究中小型水库土石坝的震害机制,以指导水库土石坝的抗震设计. 相似文献
434.
Profile of Methane Concentrations in Soil and Atmosphere in Alpine Steppe Ecosystem on Tibetan Plateau 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Pei Zhiyong Ouyang Hua Zhou Caiping Xu Xingliang . The Administrative Center for China’s Agenda Beijing China . Interntional Center for Integrated Mountain Development Kathm a Nepal . Institute of Geographical Sciences Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2009,7(1):3-10
The methane concentration profile from -1.5m depth in soil to 32m height in air was measured in alpine steppe located in the permafrost area. Methane concentrations showed widely variations both in air and in soil during the study period. The mean concentrations in atmosphere were all higher than those in soil, and the highest methane concentration was found in air at the height of 16m with the lowest concentration occurring at the depth of 1.5m in soil. The variations of atmospheric methane concentrations did not show any clear pattern both temporally and spatially, although they exhibited a more steadystable state than those in soil. During the seasonal variations, the methane concentrations at different depths in soil were significantly correlated (R^2〉0.6) with each other comparing to the weak correlations (R^2〈0.2) between the atmospheric concentra- tions at different heights. Mean methane concentrations in soil significantly decreased with depth. This was the compositive influence of the decreasing production rates and the increasing methane oxidation rates, which was caused by the descent soil moisture with depth. Although the methane concentrations at all depths varied widely during the growing season, they showed very distinct temporal variations in the non-growing season. It was indicated from the literatures that methane oxidation rates were positively correlated with soil temperature. The higher methane concentrations in soil during the winter were determined by the lower methane oxidation rates with decreasing soil temperatures, whereas methane production rates had no reaction to the lower temperature. Relations between methane contribution and other environmental factors were not discussed in this paper for lacking of data, which impulse us to carry out further and more detailed studies in this unique area. 相似文献
435.
Degradation of pentachlorobiphenyl by a sequential treatment using Pd coated iron and an aerobic bacterium (H1) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The reductive dechlorination and biodegradation of 2,2′4,5,5′-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB#101) was investigated in a laboratory-scale. Palladium coated iron (Pd/Fe) was used as a catalytic reductant for the chemical degradation of 2,2′4,5,5′-pentachlorobiphenyl, and an aerobic bacteria was used for biodegradation following the chemical reaction in this study. Dechlorination was affected by several factors such as Pd loading, initial soil pH and the amount of Pd/Fe used. The results showed that higher Pd loading, higher dosage of Pd/Fe and slightly acid condition were beneficial to the catalytic dechlorination of 2,2′,4,5,5′-pentachlorobiphenyl. In laboratory batch experiments, 2,2′4,5,5′-pentachlorobiphenyl was reduced in the presence of Pd/Fe bimetal, which was not further degraded by aerobic bacteria. 2,2′,4-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB#17), a reduction product from 2,2′4,5,5′-pentachlorobiphenyl, was readily biodegraded in the presence of a aerobic bacterial strain. It is suggested that an integrated Pd/Fe catalytic reduction-aerobic biodegradation process may be a feasible option for treating PCB-contaminated soil. 相似文献
436.
Qiu Cai Mei-Li Long Ming Zhu Qing-Zhen Zhou Ling Zhang Jie Liu 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(11):3078-3082
Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) are environmental pollutants. Environmental samples and bovine tissues were collected from the areas around a lead–zinc smelter in Guizhou, China for Cd, Pb, zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) analysis. Cd in soil (10 mg/kg) and feed (6.6 mg/kg) from the polluted areas was 10 times higher than the Chinese Standards, resulting in higher Cd in bovine kidney (38 mg/kg) and liver (2.5 mg/kg). Pb in feed (132 mg/kg) from the polluted area was much higher than unpolluted areas, causing higher Pb levels in bovine tissues. Environmental Zn was elevated, but bovine tissue Zn was normal. Cu in bovine liver decreased with increased Cd and Pb. Metals in drinking water and in bovine muscle were within the Standard range. Thus, in the areas of this lead–zinc smelter, the environment has been contaminated with Cd and Pb, which has been transferred to cattle through the food chain. 相似文献
437.
Qing Zhou Christine W. Chan Paitoon Tontiwachiwuthikul Raphael Idem Don Gelowitz 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2009,3(5):535-544
Post combustion carbon dioxide (CO2) capture is one of the most commonly adopted technologies for reducing industrial CO2 emissions, which is now an important goal given the widespread concern over global warming. Research on amine-based CO2 capture has mainly focused on improving effectiveness and efficiency of the CO2 capture process. Our research work focuses on studying the relationships among the significant parameters influencing CO2 production because an enhanced understanding of the intricate relationships among the parameters involved in the process is critical for improving efficiency of the CO2 capture process. This paper presents a statistical study that explores the relationships among parameters involved in the amine-based post combustion CO2 capture process at the International Centre for CO2 Capture (ITC) located in Regina, Saskatchewan of Canada. A multiple regression technique has been applied for analysis of data collected at the CO2 capture pilot plant at ITC. The parameters have been carefully selected to avoid issues of multicollinearity, and four mathematical models among the key parameters identified have been developed. The models have been tested, and accuracy of the models is found to be satisfactory. The models developed in this study describe part of the CO2 capture process and can help to predict performance of the CO2 capture process at ITC under different conditions. Some results from a preliminary validation process will also be presented. 相似文献
438.
从某印染厂废水排放出口的污泥中分离到一株活性艳蓝X-BR染料高效降解菌LPY68-14,经生理生化鉴定,该菌为埃希氏菌(Escherichia sp.).研究了影响菌株LPY68-14降解效果的因素,实验结果表明:在缺氧、质量分数为0.2%葡萄糖为外加碳源、温度37℃、接种量4 mL、pH 7的最佳条件下,质量浓度为30 mg/L的活性艳蓝X-BR经菌株LPY68-14处理24 h后的降解率可达80%;当活性艳蓝X-BR质量浓度为100~400 mg/L时,该菌处理48 h后的降解率可稳定在70%左右. 相似文献
439.
我国钛白粉工业发展现状与环境政策研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
针对我国钛白粉工业发展的现状与存在的问题,深入分析造成钛白粉上业现状的原因,并从环保角度提出对策与建议. 相似文献
440.