Effects of T-2 toxin on histopathology,fatty acid and water distribution of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) muscle

T-2 toxin (T-2), one of the naturally occurring mycotoxins, often accumulates in aquatic animals from contaminated feed. Shrimp (n?=?30 per group) were fed with different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.5, 4.5 and 13.5?mg kg^?1) of T-2 for 20?days. Changes in histopathology, fatty acid and water distribution of shrimp muscle were analyzed. Histopathology of shrimp muscle showed dose-dependent marked degenerative and necrotic changes on exposure to dietary T-2. The T-2 significantly (P?<?0.05) affected the muscle fatty acid composition. ∑SFA, ∑MUFA and ∑PUFA initially decreased and then increased slowly in the high-dosed groups. C16:0, C18:1n-9 and C18:2n-6 were the main saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), respectively. Also, T-2 significantly affected water distribution in shrimp muscle. High doses of T-2 reduced free water content, resulting in a reduction in the water holding capacity and hence changes to the shrimp muscle quality. Collectively, these results illustrated that T-2 significantly affects the fatty acid and water distribution, and also muscle histopathology, all of which would result in a reduction in the quality and nutritional value of shrimp.     

Study on the denitrification performance of FexLayOz/activated coke for NH3-SCR and the effect of CO escaped from activated coke at mid-high temperature on catalytic activity

Currently, activated coke is widely used in the removal of multiple pollutants from industrial flue gas. In this paper, a series of novel Fe_xLa_yO_z/AC catalysts was prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation for NH₃-SCR denitrification reaction. The introduction of Fe-La bimetal oxides significantly improved the denitrification performance of activated coke at mid-high temperature, and 4% Fe_0.3La_0.7O_1.5/AC exhibited a superior NO_x conversion efficiency of 90.1% at 400 °C. The catalysts were further characterized by BET, SEM, XRD, Raman, EPR, XPS, FTIR, NH₃-TPD, H₂-TPR, et al., whose results showed that the perovskite-type oxide of LaFeO₃ and oxygen vacancies were produced on the catalysts’ surfaces during roasting. Fe-La doping enhanced the amount of acid sites (mainly Lewis and other stronger acid sites) and the content of multifarious oxygen species, which were beneficial for NO_x removal at mid-high temperature. Moreover, it was investigated that the effect of released CO from activated coke at mid-high temperature on the NO_x removal through the lifetime test, in which it was found that a large amount of CO produced by pyrolysis of activated coke could promote the NO_x removal, and long-term escaping of CO on the activated coke carrier did not have a significant negative impact on catalytic performance. The results of the TG-IR test showed that volatile matter is released from the activated coke while TG results showed that the weight loss rate of 4% Fe_0.3La_0.7O_1.5/AC only was 0.0015~0.007%/min at 300–400 °C. Hence, 4% Fe_0.3La_0.7O_1.5/AC had excellent thermal stability and denitrification performance to be continuously used at mid-high temperature. Finally, the mechanisms were proposed on the basis of experiments and characterization results.

     

活性污泥的固定化及其性能研究

用改进聚乙烯醇-硼酸法将活性污泥制成固定化颗粒,考察了改进聚乙烯醇-硼酸法的最佳条件及固定化颗粒的性能。实验结果表明：改进聚乙烯醇-硼酸法的最佳条件为聚乙烯醇质量分数6．5％、包泥比（包埋剂与活性污泥质量比）1．2：1、二氧化硅质量分数1．5％、活性炭质量分数0．3％、海藻酸钠质量分数0．6％;用最佳条件下制得的固定化颗粒处理模拟化工废水,连续运行15d后的COD去除率达90％以上,且固定化颗粒耐冲击负荷和pH变化能力强;固定化颗粒对模拟化工废水的COD去除速率随进水COD的变化曲线类似于米氏方程所描述的反应初速度随底物浓度的变化规律。     

壳聚糖-丙烯酰胺-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵三元接枝共聚物的合成及应用

在N2保护下,以硝硬驱铈铵为引发剂,将壳聚糖（CTS）、丙烯酰胺（AM）及二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（DMDAAC）接枝共聚得到CTS-AM-DMDAAC三元接枝共聚物,考察了反应条件对接枝共聚反应的影响。实验结果表明,在反应温度50℃、反应时间5-6h,m（CTS）：m（AM）：m（DMAAAC）=1：6：0.67、c（Ce^4＋）=0.8mmol/L的最佳反应条件下,接枝共聚反应的接枝率和接枝效率分别为64%和10.5%。用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对CTS-AM-DMDAAC进行了表征。絮凝实验结果表明：CTS-AM-DMDAAC对高岭土水样具有较强的絮凝能力,可在很宽的pH范围内使用。用CTS-AM-DMDAAC处理COD为165.5mg/L的啤酒生产废水,COD去除率达90.1%.     

尿素基纤维的制备及对水中Cu2+和Cd2+的吸附

以棉纤维为原料,经氯化和取代反应,制得尿素基纤维并用于水中Cu^2＋和Cd^2＋的吸附,考察了各种因素对吸附效果的影响。尿素基纤维对Cu^2＋和Cd^2＋的吸附可用Langmuir等温吸附方程描述,吸附过程可看成单层吸附。较佳吸附条件：重金属离子溶液pH为5,流量为7mL／min。用过的尿素基纤维经2mol／L的盐酸洗脱再生后,对Cu^2＋的吸附、解吸、再吸附的性能良好,可重复使用。     

选择性吸附-高效生物降解法处理含硝基苯与苯酚混合废水

结合NDA-150型树脂（简称树脂）选择性吸附和生物降解的优点,对含硝基苯和苯酚的模拟混合废水（简称混合废水）进行处理。通过树脂的选择性吸附,使混合废水中的硝基苯和苯酚分离,随后用高效菌对树脂所吸附的硝基苯进行生物降解,同时实现树脂的再生。实验结果表明：通过调节混合废水的pH,树脂可有效地将混合废水中的硝基苯和苯酚进行选择性吸附分离;树脂对硝基苯的吸附是可逆的;树脂的再生程度受微生物对可利用硝基苯质量浓度的下限（1．2mg／L）限制;吸附-生物再生循环实验结果表明,该树脂可有效抵抗微生物的生物降解与破坏。     

好氧污泥颗粒化过程的影响因素分析

影响好氧颗粒污泥性质的因素多且复杂,具有灰色系统的特点.应用了灰色关联分析方法对好氧颗粒污泥的重要参数污泥体积指数(SVI)、沉降速率、颗粒粒径和污泥浓度(MLSS)进行了关联影响分析.结果表明:对颗粒污泥SVI的影响顺序为沉降速率＞颗粒粒径＞ MLSS,说明沉降速率对活性污泥的形态转变和颗粒化过程的作用最明显,SVI可作为评判颗粒化进程的一个理想指标;沉降速率对MLSS的影响最弱;颗粒粒径的最佳值为1.3～1.5 mm,此时,颗粒粒径对SVI降低的贡献最大,从而使颗粒污泥的沉降性能得到很大改善,并且使MLSS达到最大.     

土壤有机物污染控制标准制订的方法学研究

指出了中国现行土壤环境质量标准存在的问题.对日本和美国等发达国家的有机物污染土壤质量控制标准进行了分析.从土壤环境质量基准制订的方法学和污染控制标准的确定原则上,提出了制订中国土壤有机物污染控制标准的建议.     

环境影响后评价的最新进展与建议

结合《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》的有关条款,探讨了环境影响后评价的概念、分类、适用对象、意义和内容,提出了环境影响后评价的管理和实施程序.结合多年的实践,分析了目前环境影响后评价工作在理论、方法和管理上存在的问题,提出了改进和完善的建议.案例实践表明,开展环境影响后评价有助于提高环境影响评价制度的有效性.     

水环境数学模型与GIS的集成研究

从地理信息系统(GIS)的功能特点、环境信息的特性和水环境数学模型软件应用时存在不足的3个方面分析了GIS和水环境数学模型软件集成的必要性.介绍了GIS和水环境数学模型的集成方式以及苏州河三期综合整治决策支持系统的主要功能结构,重点从GIS和水环境数学模型集成方面介绍了地图矢量化、模型计算结果转化为相应数据库文件、数据库文件和GIS实现绑定以及断面水位动态演示的实现方法和重要作用.