全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6767篇 |
免费 | 237篇 |
国内免费 | 2409篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 384篇 |
废物处理 | 408篇 |
环保管理 | 510篇 |
综合类 | 3543篇 |
基础理论 | 1197篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 2562篇 |
评价与监测 | 264篇 |
社会与环境 | 276篇 |
灾害及防治 | 268篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 96篇 |
2022年 | 290篇 |
2021年 | 229篇 |
2020年 | 187篇 |
2019年 | 156篇 |
2018年 | 231篇 |
2017年 | 288篇 |
2016年 | 287篇 |
2015年 | 403篇 |
2014年 | 505篇 |
2013年 | 633篇 |
2012年 | 578篇 |
2011年 | 554篇 |
2010年 | 419篇 |
2009年 | 470篇 |
2008年 | 472篇 |
2007年 | 416篇 |
2006年 | 356篇 |
2005年 | 249篇 |
2004年 | 212篇 |
2003年 | 253篇 |
2002年 | 228篇 |
2001年 | 206篇 |
2000年 | 222篇 |
1999年 | 232篇 |
1998年 | 246篇 |
1997年 | 182篇 |
1996年 | 181篇 |
1995年 | 145篇 |
1994年 | 121篇 |
1993年 | 109篇 |
1992年 | 89篇 |
1991年 | 33篇 |
1990年 | 34篇 |
1989年 | 23篇 |
1988年 | 21篇 |
1987年 | 12篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有9413条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
751.
752.
753.
简要介绍了纸片法测定水质总大肠菌群的操作方法,并通过6个实验室的验证试验,研究了纸片法与现行标准方法(多管法)的一致性。结果表明,2种方法的测定结果基本一致,无显著性差异,但纸片法测定周期比多管法缩短了2d,仅需1d即可。 相似文献
754.
755.
Zhang Y Chen Z Zhu B Luo X Guan Y Guo S Nie Y 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,147(1-3):327-337
The objective of this study is to develop techniques for assessing and analysing land desertification in Yulin of Northwest China, as a typical monitoring region through the use of remotely sensed data and geographic information systems (GIS). The methodology included the use of Landsat TM data from 1987, 1996 and 2006, supplemented by aerial photos in 1960, topographic maps, field work and use of other existing data. From this, land cover, the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), farmland, woodland and grassland maps at 1:100,000 were prepared for land desertification monitoring in the area. In the study, all data was entered into a GIS using ILWIS software to perform land desertification monitoring. The results indicate that land desertification in the area has been developing rapidly during the past 40 years. Although land desertification has to some extent been controlled in the area by planting grasses and trees, the issue of land desertification is still serious. The study also demonstrates an example of why the integration of remote sensing with GIS is critical for the monitoring of environmental changes in arid and semi-arid regions, e.g. in land desertification monitoring in the Yulin pilot area. However, land desertification monitoring using remote sensing and GIS still needs to be continued and also refined for the purpose of long-term monitoring and the management of fragile ecosystems in the area. 相似文献
756.
Inexact Fuzzy-Stochastic Programming for Water Resources Management Under Multiple Uncertainties 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this study, an interval-parameter fuzzy-stochastic two-stage programming (IFSTP) approach is developed for irrigation planning
within an agriculture system under multiple uncertainties. A concept of the distribution with fuzzy-interval probability (DFIP)
is defined to address multiple uncertainties expressed as integration of intervals, fuzzy sets, and probability distributions.
IFSTP integrates the interval programming, two-stage stochastic programming, and fuzzy-stochastic programming within a general
optimization framework. IFSTP incorporates the pre-regulated water resources management policies directly into its optimization
process to analyze various policy scenarios; each scenario has different economic penalty when the promised amounts are not
delivered. IFSTP is applied to an irrigation planning in a water resources management system. Solutions from IFSTP provide
desired water allocation patterns, which maximize both the system’s benefits and feasibility. The results indicate that reasonable
solutions are generated for objective function values and decision variables; thus, a number of decision alternatives can
be generated under different levels of stream flows. 相似文献
757.
758.
Landscape ecological security assessment based on projection pursuit in Pearl River Delta 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Gao Y Wu Z Lou Q Huang H Cheng J Chen Z 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(4):2307-2319
Regional landscape ecological security is an important issue for ecological security, and has a great influence on national
security and social sustainable development. The Pearl River Delta (PRD) in southern China has experienced rapid economic
development and intensive human activities in recent years. This study, based on landscape analysis, provides a method to
discover the alteration of character among different landscape types and to understand the landscape ecological security status.
Based on remotely sensed products of the Landsat 5 TM images in 1990 and the Landsat 7 ETM+ images in 2005, landscape classification
maps of nine cities in the PRD were compiled by implementing Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System technology.
Several indices, including aggregation, crush index, landscape shape index, Shannon’s diversity index, landscape fragile index,
and landscape security adjacent index, were applied to analyze spatial–temporal characteristics of landscape patterns in the
PRD. A landscape ecological security index based on these outcomes was calculated by projection pursuit using genetic algorithm.
The landscape ecological security of nine cities in the PRD was thus evaluated. The main results of this research are listed
as follows: (1) from 1990 to 2005, the aggregation index, crush index, landscape shape index, and Shannon’s diversity index
of nine cities changed little in the PRD, while the landscape fragile index and landscape security adjacent index changed
obviously. The landscape fragile index of nine cities showed a decreasing trend; however, the landscape security adjacent
index has been increasing; (2) from 1990 to 2005, landscape ecology of the cities of Zhuhai and Huizhou maintained a good
security situation. However, there was a relatively low value of ecological security in the cities of Dongguan and Foshan.
Except for Foshan and Guangzhou, whose landscape ecological security situation were slightly improved, the cities had reduced
values in landscape ecological security, with the most decreased number 0.52 in Zhaoqing. Results of this study offer important
information for regional eco-construction and natural resource exploitation. 相似文献
759.
Land use change and landslide characteristics analysis for community-based disaster mitigation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
On August 8, 2009, Typhoon Morakot brought heavy rain to Taiwan, causing numerous landslides and debris flows in the Taihe village area of Meishan Township, Chiayi County, in south-central Taiwan. In the Taihe land is primary used for agriculture and land use management may be a factor in the area’s landslides. This study explores Typhoon Morakot-induced landslides and land use changes between 1999 and 2009 using GIS with the aid of field investigation. Spot 5 satellite images with a resolution of 2.5 m are used for landslide interpretation and manually digitalized in GIS. A statistical analysis for landslide frequency–area distribution was used to identify the landslide characteristics associated with different types of land use. There were 243 landslides with a total area of 2.75 km2 in the study area. The area is located in intrinsically fragile combinations of sandstone and shale. Typhoon Morakot-induced landslides show a power–law distribution in the study area. Landslides were mainly located in steep slope areas containing natural forest and in areas planted with bamboo, tea, and betel nut. Land covered with natural forest shows the highest landslide ratio, followed by bamboo, betel nut, and tea. Landslides thus show a higher ratio in areas planted with shallow root vegetation such as bamboo, betel nut, and tea. Furthermore, the degree of basin development is proportional to the landslide ratio. The results show that a change in vegetation cover results in a modified landslide area and frequency and changed land use areas have higher landslide ratios than non-changed. Land use management and community-based disaster prevention are needed in mountainous areas of Taiwan for hazard mitigation. 相似文献
760.