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21.
Polychaetes (Nereis succinea) were exposed to DE-83 contaminated sediments to investigate the bioaccumulation and bioavailability of nona- and deca-BDEs in sediment. All the major congeners in DE-83 were bioavailable to the lugworms. The uptake coefficients (Ks) of nona- and deca-BDE congeners in lugworms were in the range of 0.18-0.65 (d−1), with the values of BDE-207 and -208 slightly higher than those of BDE-206 and -209. Elimination of nona- and deca-BDE congeners from lugworms was very fast. The estimated half-lives of nona- and deca-BDE congeners in the lugworms were at 0.7 d. The bioavailability of nona- and deca-BDE congeners was very low, with BSAF of 0.017 for BDE-206 and -209 and 0.054 for BDE-207 and -208. These may be due to the large molecular size and high affinity of PBDEs to sediment particles. The contribution of BDE-206 in the profile of nona-BDEs in lugworm tissue decreased with exposure time while those of BDE-207 and -208 increased, which could be the result of the biotransformation of BDE-209 to BDE-207 and -208. 相似文献
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Mercury (Hg) has received considerable attention because of its association with various human health problems. Adsorption-desorption behavior of Hg at contaminated levels in two paddy soils was investigated. The two representative soils for rice production in China, locally referred to as a yellowish red soil (YRS) and silty loam soil (SLS) and classified as Gleyi-Stagnic Anthrosols in FAO/UNESCO nomenclature, were respectively collected from Jiaxin County and Xiasha District of Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province. The YRS adsorbed more Hg(2+) than the SLS. The characteristics of Hg adsorption could be described by the simple Langmuir adsorption equation (r2 = 0.999 and 0.999, P < 0.01, respectively, for the SLS and YRS). The maximum adsorption values (Xm) that were obtained from the simple Langmuir model were 111 and 213 mg Hg(2+) kg(-1) soil, respectively, for the SLS and YRS. Adsorption of Hg(2+) decreased soil pH by 0.75 unit for the SLS soil and 0.91 unit for the YRS soil at the highest loading. The distribution coefficient (kd) of Hg in the soil decreased exponentially with increasing Hg(2+) loading. After five successive desorptions with 0.01 mol L(-1) KCl solution (pH 5.4), 0 to 24.4% of the total adsorbed Hg(2+) in the SLS soil was desorbed and the corresponding value of the YRS soil was 0 to 14.4%, indicating that the SLS soil had a lower affinity for Hg(2+) than the YRS soil at the same Hg(2+) loading. Different mechanisms are likely involved in Hg(2+) adsorption-desorption at different levels of Hg(2+) loading and between the two soils. 相似文献
24.
上海与伦敦城市绿地的生态功能及管理对策比较研究 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
在资料收集及实地采样调查的基础上 ,文章对上海与伦敦城市绿地的生态功能及管理对策进行了比较分析 ,指出了上海城市绿地建设及管理中的一些优点及不足之处。 相似文献
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传统概念的地气测量是指地下上升到地表并扩散到大气空间的天然状态气体 ,如CO2 、CH4 、Rn、Hg、H2 等。近十多年的研究证实地气还包含着新的内涵 ,即地壳岩石以及地表土壤中还存着痕量的金属与非金属气体 ,通过捕集这些气体 ,可以获得更多的深部地质构造、矿床信息。据报导 ,国内外的研究主要是在已知矿床上做的正演研究。本文是在已知隐伏断层构造上方地表 ,试验金属与非金属地气存在的可能性。 相似文献
27.
Liu P Zhu D Zhang H Shi X Sun H Dang F 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):1053-1060
Improved predictions on the fate of organic pollutants in surface environments require a better understanding of the underlying sorption mechanisms that control their uptake by soils. In this study, we monitored sorption of nine aromatic compounds with varying physicochemical properties (hydrophobicity, electron-donor/acceptor ability and polarity), including two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, two chlorobenzenes, two nitroaromatic compounds, dichlobenil, carbaryl and 2,4-dichlorophenol in aqueous suspension of four surface soils of eastern China. The tested soils were characterized with respect to organic carbon (OC) content, black carbon content, mineralogy, morphology and size fraction to assess the role of the diverse soil characteristics in sorption. The results of this study show that not only the solute hydrophobicity and the OC content of soil are important to the retention of organic pollutants, but also the solute molecular structure and the soil nature. 相似文献
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探索舰船环境适应性的设计方法,以提高舰船在各种复杂环境下的适应能力。分析了舰船环境适应性设计中面临的若干问题和改进提高方向,参考借鉴国内外航空航天、电子等行业成功经验,提出了指导舰船环境适应性设计的主要设计原则和工作内容。围绕改善环境条件、加强耐环境能力设计这2个方面,提出了3种环境适应性设计方法,包括基于规范的设计方法、基于环境仿真的设计方法、基于预使用验证的设计方法。根据舰船风浪环境适应性设计的特点和要求,选择采用环境仿真和模型试验技术开展了应用研究。基于分析结果,提出了增加水线面系数、调整浮心、优化线型等多项改进措施建议。采用环境仿真和模型试验相结合的方式,可有效支撑舰船风浪环境适应性设计和评估,这一方法具有较高的工程推广应用价值。另外,未来应加大环境仿真技术的研究和应用力度,尝试开展多因素综合环境仿真,以进一步提高舰船的环境适应性。 相似文献
30.
建立良好有序的环保产业发展机制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
论述了环保产业范围的不确定性、分布性、广泛性、依赖性、公益性,及产业市场的风险性,提出了发展我国环保产业的基本思路和原则。 相似文献