废水处理方案选择专家系统的设计

介绍了一种用于选择工业废水工艺流程方案的专家系统的设计。该系统采用框架式结构对知识进行描述，用指标函数方程进行各种费用的计算比较，最终得出最佳处理工艺流程方案。     

我国红树林净化污水研究进展

红树林具有净化污水的潜能,我国在20世纪80年代中期开始以污染生态学为理论依据进行红树林净化污水的研究.国内红树林净化污水研究主要包括两方面内容,一是研究污水排放对红树林的影响,包括重金属污水、含油废水、生活污水等不同类型污水排放对红树林生长、生理生态、红树林沉积物、林区藻类等的影响;二是研究红树林净化污水的效能,包括红树林累积、吸收和对污水中污染物的净化能力、净化效果的研究.主要从以上两个方面,综述了国内红树林净化污水的研究进展,以期为红树林净化污水的进一步研究和应用提供参考.     

建设环境友好型社会是中国建设和谐社会的必然选择解读"十一五"

必须加快转变经济增长方式。我国土地、淡水、能源、矿产资源和环境状况对经济发展已构成严重制约。要把节约资源作为基本国策，发展循环经济。保护生态环境，加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会，促进经济发展与人口、资源、环境相协调。推进国民经济和社会信息化，切实走新型工业化道路。坚持节约发展、清洁发展、安全发展。实现可持续发展。 发展循环经济，是建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会和实现可持续发展的重要途径。坚持开发节约并重、节约优先，按照减量化、再利用、资源化的原则，大力推进节能节水节地节材。加强资源综合利用。完善再生资源回收利用体系。全面推行清洁生产。形成低投入、低消耗、低排放和高效率的节约型增长方式。[编者按]     

用浮游及底栖动物评价饮马河水质

根据浮游及底栖动物种群结构和数量分布特点，对秦皇岛市饮马河水质进行了初步评价，评价结果表明，生物监测技术方法可行，简单直观，与化学监测的结果基本一致。饮马河全程水质属于中-重污染。     

上海市区中小变电站的环境影响分析

通过对上海市区典型变电站电磁场强度，辐射电磁波及噪声的监测、测试，作出了中小型变电站建设对周围居民环境影响的定性评价，并提出了一些需要注意的问题。     

Effectiveness evaluation of water-sprinkling in controlling urban fugitive road dust based on TRAKER method: A case study in Baoding, China

Fugitive road dust (FRD) contributes a great deal to urban rainwater and air pollution and is commonly controlled by water-sprinkling in most Chinese cities. However, there is a lack of information on its effectiveness. We used the Testing Re-entrained Aerosol Kinetic Emissions from Roads (TRAKER) method to monitor different types of roads in Baoding city before and within 1 hr after water-sprinkling and obtained the road dirtiness index (a) and PM concentration in the road environment ($T_{\mathrm{T}}^{*}$), to evaluate the removal efficiency for PM deposited on the road surface (${\eta }_a$) and the reduction efficiency for the PM concentration in the road environment (${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$). The results give that the ${\eta }_a$ for three types of roads is ranked: branch road (87%-–100%) > major arterial road (80%-83%) > minor arterial road (68%-77%), and the ${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$ ranked: minor arterial road (70%) > branch road (46%-58%) > major arterial road (37%-53%). The ${\eta }_a$ and ${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$ varied non-linearly with time and presented a quadratic curve. The average effective control time (${\eta }_{\mathit{a}}$> 0) was 62 min on the major and minor arterial roads, and much longer than 1 hr on branch roads. The ${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$ values diminished completely by 72 min on average from the end of sprinkling for the three types of roads. Water-sprinkling can remove PM₁₀ particles from the road surface and reduce their concentration in the road environment more thoroughly than PM_2.5. Our findings could be helpful for controlling urban FRD emissions more efficiently and precisely.     

Simultaneous sorption of aqueous phenanthrene and phosphate onto bentonites modified with AlCl3 and CTMAB

The purpose of this work is to synthesize a new type of bentonite sorbent that can simultaneously remove both organic compounds and phosphate from water. Inorganic-organic bentonites (Al-CTMAB-Bent) were synthesized by modifying bentonites with both AlCl₃ and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTMAB). Simultaneous sorption of aqueous phenanthrene and phosphate onto Al-CTMAB-Bent was examined. Removal rates of phenanthrene and phosphate from water reached 96.3% and 90.2%, respectively, at their respective initial concentrations of 1 mg/L and 5 mg/L and the added amount of Al-CTMAB-Bent was 1.25 g/L. The residual turbidity of the Al-CTMAB-Bent suspension decreased 81.4% compared to that of organobentonite suspension after a 1 h settling time. Thus, inorganic-organic bentonite can be used to treat wastewater containing both organic pollutants and phosphate. Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(1): 91–94 [译自: 环境科学]     

Pollution survey of carbonyl compounds in train air

The train is an important vehicle in China, but its air quality has important impacts on passengers’ health. In this work, pollution from carbonyl compounds was measured in the air of six trains. The objectives of this work were to investigate carbonyl compound levels in selected air from trains, identify their emission sources, and assess the intake of carbonyl compounds for passengers. The methods for sampling and analyzing 10 carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, acetone, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, butyraldehyde, benzaldehyde, cyclohexanone, and valeraldehyde in indoor air were proposed with the sampling efficiency, recovery, and detection limit being 92%–100%, 91%–104%, and 0.26–0.82 ng/m³, respectively. It was indicated that the total concentrations of carbonyl compounds were 0.159–0.2828 mg/m³ with the average concentration of 0.2330 mg/m³. The average concentrations of form aldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were 0.0922, 0.0499, and 0.0580 mg/m³, accounting for 42.6%, 21.4%, and 24.9% of the total concentrations of carbonyl compounds, respectively. The carbonyl compounds probably came from woodwork and cigarette smoking. The intake of carbonyl compounds for the passengers was approximately 0.043–0.076 mg/h. The carbonyl compounds in train air could be harmful to human health. Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(1) 91–94 [译自: 环境科学]     

复合混凝剂处理印染废水

为了处理高浓度、高色度、高COD的印染废水，利用硫酸亚铁、工业废酸和金属下脚料自行配制了复合混凝剂，并将其与聚合双酸铝铁、聚合氯化铝铁、硫酸亚铁对印染废水的混凝效果进行对比。研究表明，复合混凝剂处理印染废水具有成本低、效果好的特点。当硫酸亚铁的投加量为200mg/L，复合混凝剂的投加量为1280mg／L，PAM的用量为2mg／L时，脱色率达94．9％，COD去除率达78．1％，悬浮固体（SS）去除率达90．9％。     

表面活性剂对分枝杆菌KR2生长的影响

研究了表面活性剂的浓度、离子类型和分子结构等对分枝杆菌KR2菌株生长的影响。结果表明，一些表面活性剂在低浓度时可以促进分枝杆菌KR2的生长，高浓度时则会抑制KR2菌株的生长。表面活性剂的离子类型对KR2菌株生长抑制作用的顺序为：阳离子活性剂TDTMA＞阴离子表面活性剂LAS＞非离子表面活性剂Tween80。表面活性剂的直链长度对KR2菌株生长的影响为：直链越短，对分枝杆菌KR2菌株生长的抑制作用越大。