钴氧化物纳米催化剂的制备及对N2O的分解

用微乳液法制备了表面经硬脂酸修饰的４种不同价态的钴氧化合物纳米微粒。初步摸索了合成了最佳条件，利用ＸＲＤ、ＴＥＭ、ＩＲ等测试手段对制备的钴纳粘催化剂的物相，粒子的形貌的粒度及钴物纳米微粒与表面活性剂有 机苈间的结合方进行了表征。结果表明制得的纳米微粒呈球状，粒度随热处理温度升高而增大，ＣＯＯ－与Ｃｏ（Ⅱ，Ⅲ）离子间以化学键相结合。利用流动法固定术反应器研究了钴氧化物纳米催化剂对Ｎ２Ｏ的催化分解活性     

An estimate of the conversion rates of SO2 to SO2-4 and NO2 to HNO3+ NO3- for the evaluation air pollution in Beijing

The conversion rates of SO₂ to SO^2-₄ and NO₂ to HNO₃₊NO₃- are estimated from the field-data obtained in Beijing in summer, 1988. The results show that the conversion rate of NO₂ is about four times as much as that of SO₂; The conversion rates have a diurnal variation in a day. On the average, the rate of SO₂ is estimated to be 4.7% h^-1 during the daytime and 3.4% h^-1 during the nighttime. Similarly, the rate of NO₂ is estimated to be 17.2% h^-1 and 12% h^-1 respectively.     

中国土地利用程度的区域分异模型研究

本项研究工作直接应用“国家资源环境遥感宏观调查与动态研究”项目和“中国资源环境数据库”取得的最新数据和资料,研究并提出了土地利用程度综合指数计算方法和指标体系,在此基础上,全面分析了影响中国土地利用程度变化的自然环境因素和社会因素,分析了中国土地利用程度的区域分异规律,提出了中国土地利用程度的“极地”模式,并建立了中国土地利用程度的经度、高程模型。     

两种假单孢菌中二氯酚降解酶活性及其定域研究

对两种有降解二氯酚能力的假单孢菌Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓｐ．ＤＣＰ－１和Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓｐ．ＤＣＰ－２中二氯酚降解酶活性及定域进行了测定，结果表明该酶的活力与菌种、培养等因素有关，与诱导物的关系不显；酶主要定域在膜周及膜内；酶的活力在两种菌中的水平相当；酶的比活力在ＤＣＰ－１的膜周处表现出相当高的水平。     

间苯二酚的微生物降解研究

从土壤中筛选的一株降解活性较高的细菌Ｔ１，当以间苯二酚为唯一碳源时，降解率可达９８％，研究表明，菌体接种量的大小对间苯二酚降解速度有一定的影响；降解酶为胞内酶，经鉴定，Ｔ１菌为黄单胞菌，其某些特性与已知菌种有差异，需进一步研究。     

美国露天采矿环境保护标准及其对我国的借鉴意义

概述了美国露天采矿环境保护标准并总结其特点:(1)一般性和特殊性相结合;(2)采矿破坏地生态恢复涵义广,涉及矿区内所有受扰地区;(3)管理当局可针对具体矿山更改某些要求;(4)有完善的配套法规保障标准的执行。基于美国在采矿环境保护方面的经验,提出了我国矿产开发生态保护与恢复标准制定的4点设想:(1)涵盖矿产开发造成生态影响的每一个环节和所有的受扰地区;(2)尽量考虑各种具体情况;(3)体现生态恢复的全面性;(4)完善相关法规,保障标准实施。     

高等水生植物对藻类生长的克制效应

本文综述了高等水生植物对藻类生长的克制效应的机理研究概况，及国内外最新的抑藻物质提取、分离、鉴定方法，并对其在水体畜养养化治理方面的应用前景作了进一步概述。     

氯代芳香化合物的微生物降解研究

生物技术对消除有毒化学品已显示出广阔的应用前景，深入研究有毒化学品微生物降解的生物化学和遗传学，可按照预期目的构建具有更大降解能力的遗传工程菌株，以促使污染物的无害化资源化。本文对纯菌株降解氯代芳香化合物的降解途径、降解性质粒和遗传工程菌株的构建等诸方面进行了综述。     

A comparative evaluation of accelerated solvent extraction and Polytron extraction for quantification of lipids and extractable organochlorine in fish

Optimal conditions for extraction methods using an accelerated solvent extractor (ASE) and a Polytron homogenizer were established for quantification of (crude) lipids and extractable organochlorine (EOCl) in fish. The two methods, an ASE consecutive extraction at 55 and 100 degrees C for ground, freeze-dried filets, and a Polytron extraction at room temperature with four repetitions for ground, wet filets and with two repetitions for wet fish livers were evaluated in terms of reproducibility and comparability. With respect to lipid measurement, the two methods have comparable reproducibility and the experimental errors are relatively small compared to natural variations of fish to fish within a sampling site. For EOCl measurement, the relative standard deviation tends to increase with decreasing levels of EOCl in specimens. An important factor for the relative standard deviation of measurements of analytes present at trace levels in fish matrices is sampling error in taking aliquots. Statistical analysis using a paired comparison design showed that measurement values (crude lipids or EOCl) obtained from these two extraction methods are, in general, not equivalent. There is a good correlation between the two methods for lipid measurement; whereas for EOCl measurements, high degrees of correlation exist within the exposed fish group, but not in the reference group.     

颗粒物吸附乐果的动力学特征

研究了乐果在颗粒物表面上吸附的动力学特征,观察了颗粒物的性质对吸附行为的影响.结果表明,乐果在3种颗粒物上的吸附过程均符合一级动力学规律,其相关系数在0.986 2～0.990 5,达到极显著水平.颗粒物的性质与吸附量相关分析发现,不同颗粒物对乐果的吸附程度是由颗粒物的有机质、粘粒、阳离子交换容量(CEC)和pH等理化特征综合作用的结果.pH对吸附行为影响的实验结果指出,随着体系的pH逐渐增大,颗粒物对乐果的吸附能力增强.