学科视角：环境教育与可持续发展教育对比分析及其启示

环境教育与可持续发展教育不是对立的,而是相互联系的,各有侧重点.环境教育关注的焦点是以自然保护价值为中心,强调看得见的某些环境问题,往往被简单处理为环境问题的研究,从而朝向技术主义的解决途径.可持续发展教育则是对教育进行重新定位和创新,从而有利于促进经济、社会的可持续发展,兼顾了内部和外部的问题.通过搜索国内文献对于环境教育和可持续发展教育的关注度情况,以期能够在各学科教学中更好的融入环境教育和可持续发展教育.     

铁氧化物与电子供体基质交互作用对红壤性水稻土中DDT还原脱氯影响

铁氧化物与电子供体基质交互作用对电子转移及具有脱氯功能的铁还原菌生长有重要影响,进而可能影响土壤中多氯代有机物的还原脱氯降解.本研究采用土壤厌氧培养实验,分析铁氧化物(针铁矿)和电子供体基质(正丁酸和乙醇)及其交互作用对红壤性水稻土中DDT脱氯的影响及其机制.结果表明,由于DDT脱氯降解,DDT及其降解产物与土壤形成结合态残留,厌氧培养6周后,土壤中DDT可提取态残留量仅为初始量的1.29%~2.01%.DDT厌氧脱氯降解的主要产物为DDD.在培养前期,加入正丁酸和乙醇使反应体系的pH降低Eh增加,进而不利于DDT还原脱氯降解.添加针铁矿或者同时添加针铁矿和电子供体基质均使反应体系的pH增加Eh降低,并且增加土壤中二价铁的量,从而促进DDT还原脱氯降解.正丁酸和铁氧化物对DDT还原脱氯无显著交互作用,而乙醇和铁氧化物对DDT还原脱氯具有拮抗作用.本研究结果对于制定DDT污染土壤的高效原位修复技术方案具有重要意义.     

Effect of alkalinity on nitrite accumulation in treatment of coal chemical industry wastewater using moving bed biofilm reactor

Nitrogen removal via nitrite （the nitrite pathway） is more suitable for carbon-limited industrial wastewater. Partial nitrification to nitrite is the primary step to achieve nitrogen removal via nitrite. The effect of alkalinity on nitrite accumulation in a continuous process was investigated by progressively increasing the alkalinity dosage ratio （amount of alkalinity to ammonia ratio, mol/mol）. There is a close relationship among alkalinity, pH and the state of matter present in aqueous solution. When alkalinity was insufficient （compared to the theoretical alkalinity amount）, ammonia removal efficiency increased first and then decreased at each alkalinity dosage ratio, with an abrupt removal efficiency peak. Generally, ammonia removal efficiency rose with increasing alkalinity dosage ratio. Ammonia removal efficiency reached to 88% from 23% when alkalinity addition was sufficient. Nitrite accumulation could be achieved by inhibiting nitrite oxidizing bacteria （NOB） by free ammonia （FA） in the early period and free nitrous acid in the later period of nitrification when alkalinity was not adequate. Only FA worked to inhibit the activity of NOB when alkalinity addition was sufficient.     

Immigrant Pantoea agglomerans embedded within indigenous microbial aggregates：A novel spatial distribution of epiphytic bacteria

Immigrant bacteria located on leaf surfaces are important to the health of plants as well as to people who consume fresh fruits and vegetables. However, the spatial distribution and organization of these immigrant bacteria on leaf surfaces are still poorly understood. To examine the spatial organization of these strains, two bacterial strains on tobacco leaves： （1） an indigenous strain, Pseudomonas stutzeri Nov. Y2011 labeled with green fluorescent protein, and （2） an immigrant strain Pantoea agglomerans labeled with cyan fluorescent protein isolated from pear, were studied. Under moist conditions, P. agglomerans cells quickly disappeared from direct observation by laser- scanning confocal microscopy, although elution results indicated that large amounts of live cells were still present on the leaves. Following exposure to desiccation stress, particles of cyan fluorescent protein-labeled P. agglomerans were visible within cracked aggregates of P. stutzeri Nov. Y2011. Detailed observation of sectioned aggregates showed that colonies of immigrant P. agglomerans were embedded within aggregates of P. stutzeri Nov. Y2011. Furthermore, carbon-resource partitioning studies suggested that these two species could coexist without significant nutritional competition. This is the first observation of an immigrant bacterium embedding within aggregates of indigenous bacteria on leaves to evade harsh conditions in the phyllosphere.     

矿山企业发展循环经济的探索与实践

详细介绍了首钢矿山公司发展循环经济的基本思路和主要做法，结合其多年的探索与实践，指出发展循环经济既是矿山企业适应时代变化的必然趋势，也是矿山生存与发展的应有前提，是提升矿山企业核心竞争力的合理选择。     

日地环境对人类自发攻击性事件的影响

考察了日地空间物理环境扰动与人类自发攻击性群体性事件发生率之间相关性。统计分析发现，两者之间的相关程度很高，历元叠加后相关系数可达０．８４和０．７９、这表明日地空间物理环境对人类攻击性本能和情绪具有显著的调节作用，导致全球自发攻击性群体事件年发生率具有１１ａ准周期波动特征。其作用机制可能是地磁场活动和大气温度的影响。     

1991／1992年世界气象灾害评述

1991/1992年是厄尔尼诺年,也是全球自然灾害频发、重灾事件突出的异常年份。本文对发生在1991/1992年厄尔尼诺事件期间的全球主要气象灾害进行简介和评述。     

应用人工神经网络方法对海水入侵危害程度划区分类

本文将目前信息处理系统中最有效的人工神经网络方法,应用于海水入侵地区,对其危害程度进行划区分类,提出了解题原理,步骤和计算方法,丰富了对海水入侵现象的研究手段。在莱州市滨海地区的计算表明,该方法是可行的。