An innovative example of herb residues recycling by gasification in a fluidized bed

A utilization way of herb residues is designed to convert herb residues to gas fuel in industrial-scale by a circulating fluidized bed gasifier in this paper. The product gas is used in the production of Chinese medicine, and the heat of the flue gas from the boiler can be used in herb residues drying to realize the energy recycling and no herb residues discharge. The gasification characteristics of herb residues in the circulating fluidized bed of 300 kg/h were investigated for about 200 h. The results indicated that the gas composition and tar yield were affected by biomass flow rate, equivalence ratio (ER), moisture content and char circulating. The lower heating value of product gas was 4–5 MJ/m³ using herb residues as feedstock. When mean biomass flow rate was at 5.5 kg m^?2 s^?1 and ER at 0.35, the product gas reached a good condition with lower heating value of 4.89 MJ/m³ and cold gas efficiency of 62.36%. When the moisture content changed from 12.5% to 18.7%, the concentrations of H₂, CO and CO₂ changed from 4.66% to 6.92%, 11.23% to 10.15%, and 16.55% to 17.82% respectively, and the tar content in gas decreased from 15.1 g/m³ to 14.4 g/m³ when the moisture content increased from 12.5% to 15.4%. There are metal oxides in the ash of herb residues, especially CaO, MgO, K₂O, Al₂O₃, and Fe₂O₃ which have obvious function on tar catalytic decomposition. The ash that attaches to the char particles can decrease the tar yield and improve the quality of gas after returning to the gasifier.     

饮水中^234U,^235U,^238U比活度及其评价

本文报道了新疆居民饮水中~(234)U、~(235)U和~(238)U比活度.它们的人口加权几何均值和算术均值分别为,~(234)U:113和186mBq/L;~(235)U: 3.0和 5.0mBq/L;~(238)U:65.9和108mBq/L.~(238)U的几何标准偏差为2.79.~(234)U/~(238)U活度比值为1.72.居民由饮水摄入~(234)U和~(238)U所受的有效剂量当量为13.5μSv/a,诱发1348万居民骨癌期望数约为1例/年.     

Joint anti-estrogenic effects of PCP and TCDD in primary cultures of juvenile goldfish hepatocytes using vitellogenin as a biomarker

This work evaluated the joint anti-estrogenic effects of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) against 17beta-estradiol (E2) in juvenile goldfish (Carassius auratus) hepatocyte cultures. The level of vitellogenin (VTG) as a biomarker was determined by exposing hepatocytes to individual E2, PCP and TCDD, as well as to E2 in the presence of PCP, TCDD or their mixtures of various concentrations. PCP and TCDD did not exhibit estrogenicity. Both chemicals reduced the estrogenicity of E2, indicating the anti-estrogenic effects of PCP and TCDD. Their anti-estrogenic EC(50) values were calculated. The joint anti-estrogenic effects against E2 increased with increasing the PCP-to-TCDD ratio of mixture. Marking's indices were <0, suggesting an antagonism in anti-estrogenic effects between PCP and TCDD. The anti-estrogenic effects of PCP appeared to result primarily from the competitive binding to estrogen receptor. While TCDD may undergo an indirect binding process for its anti-estrogenic effects, the accurate mechanisms remain to be understood. The observed antagonism in anti-estrogenic effects resulted apparently from the mutual inhibition by PCP and TCDD.     

活性炭负载I-TiO2对气体中甲苯的吸附

利用溶胶凝胶-浸渍烧结法制备了碘掺杂二氧化钛修饰的活性炭复合吸附剂。利用XRD、SEM、BET、Boehm滴定、亚甲蓝吸附值等手段研究了活性炭负载前后表面结构与性质。利用动态吸附实验研究了活性炭负载I-TiO2复合材料（IT/AC）和再生IT/AC对气体中甲苯的吸附。考察了活性炭粒径、气体的流速、吸附床层高度和气体中甲苯的浓度对活性炭吸附性能的影响及甲苯在活性炭固定床上的吸附动力学。结果表明：由于介孔I-TiO2和活性炭的协同作用,负载适量I-TiO2对活性炭结构和吸附性能影响较小。活性炭的粒径越小、复合材料的吸附穿透点和饱和吸附量越大;气体的流速和甲苯的初始浓度越大,复合材料的吸附穿透点越小但饱和吸附量越大。YOON-NELSON模型可以预测复合材料吸附甲苯的动力学过程。     

响应面法优化磷酸改性秸秆生物炭的制备

以秸秆为原料,磷酸为活化剂制备改性生物炭,利用基于Box-Behnken中心组合的响应面法对生物炭制备条件进行优化。根据响应面分析,热解温度、保留时间和磷酸质量分数对生物炭的吸附性能有显著影响,浸渍比影响不显著;保留时间与浸渍比、磷酸质量分数与浸渍比的交互作用对生物炭吸附能力也有显著影响。根据响应面法获得生物炭制备的最优条件为:热解温度884.32℃、保留时间82.61min、磷酸质量浓度40.74%、浸渍比1.74,此时生物炭最大碘吸附预测值为1 099mg/g,与验证实验实测结果(1 063mg/g)仅相差3.28%,表明响应面回归模型预测结果可靠。响应面法优化后制得的生物炭具有更高比表面积与总孔容,因此具有更高的吸附性能。     

草铵膦和草甘膦在水环境中的行为和毒性效应研究进展

草铵膦和草甘膦均为灭生性广谱除草剂,具有低毒、高效的特点,是目前世界上使用最多的2种有机磷类除草剂,广泛应用于防除果园、非耕地等的杂草.在世界范围内广泛使用导致这2种农药越来越多地进入环境,尤其是水环境中.由于草铵膦和草甘膦在水中的溶解度大,且在水溶液中较稳定,目前在多地的水体中均检出2种农药残留.随着对草铵膦和草甘膦...     

Decoding and quantitative detection of antibiotics by a luminescent mixed-lanthanide-organic framework

● A series of mixed-LOFs and portable LOF-fibers were synthesized. ● LOF-S3 was selected as a luminescent sensor for antibiotics. ● Mixed-LOF was capable of decoding antibiotics by emission intensity ratios. ● Linear relationship between antibiotic concentration and I545nm/I618nm was observed. Due to the potential risk of antibiotics to the environment, the development of inexpensive, simple, and reliable antibiotic detection methods is significant but also faces challenges. In this work, several lanthanide-organic frameworks (LOFs), constructed from lanthanide ions (Eu³⁺ and/or Tb³⁺) and 1,3,5-benzene-tricarboxylic acid (BTC), were synthesized by solvothermal method. LOF-S3 with comparable emission peaks of ⁵D₄ → ⁷F₅ (Tb³⁺, 545 nm) and ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₂ (Eu³⁺, 618 nm) was selected as a luminescent sensor. In this system, the highly efficient energy transferred from the organic linker to lanthanide ions and from Tb³⁺ to Eu³⁺ occurs. LOF-S3 sensor was capable of decoding antibiotics by distinguishable emission intensity ratios. Therefore, a two-dimensional decoded map of antibiotics was established. The linear relationship between antibiotic concentration and emission intensity ratio indicated the quantitative determination of antibiotics was feasible. As a typical analyte, the response mechanism of nalidixic acid (NA) was investigated in detail. The competition of NA and BTC for UV light absorption, as well as the binding propensity of NA and Tb, affected the organic linkers-to-lanthanide ions and Tb-to-Eu energy transfer, resulting in the change of fluorescence intensity ratio. The self-calibrating mixed-LOF sensor overcame the uncontrollable errors of the traditional absolute emission intensity method and generated stable luminescent signals in multiple cycles. Furthermore, the integration of LOF-S3 with polymer fibers enabled the formation of a LOF-polymer fibrous composite with fluorescence detection capability, which is a promising portable sensor for practical applications.     

东莞市医疗废物和污水污染及其治理对策

对东莞市32个镇区的186家医疗单位的调查结果表明,全市平均日产医疗危险废物16.05 t,折合年产量为5858.25 t,其中传染性废物日产生量为356.0 kg,年产生量为129.9 t;平均日产医疗污水量为3085.9 t,折合年产量约为112.64万t.按病床统计,医疗废物的单位产生量为1.50 kg/床*d;按住院病人统计,医疗废物的单位产生量为3.39 kg/人*d.医疗废物中有机物含量为64.5%,无机物含量为17.6%,其他为17.9%.根据调查结果提出了治理对策,为东莞市整治污染、创建卫生城市和实施城市建设可持续发展战略提供决策依据.     

水解酸化-序批式活性污泥法(ABR-SBR)处理电泳废水的研究

利用水解酸化 (采用缺氧折流板ABR反应器 ) -序批式活性污泥法 (SBR)工艺对汽车电泳涂装工艺废水进行实验研究 ,分析了ABR的反应时间、容积负荷、内置填料对废水可生化性改善的影响及SBR的运行方式、进水 pH、污泥负荷对有机物去除效果的影响