基于全线生态影响的铁路方案评价模型研究

铁路建设生态影响主要体现在生态敏感区受损、生态系统服务功能降低、生态景观破碎加剧等方面,本文通过剖析基于全线生态影响的设计方案评价的内涵与特点,采用三角模糊数、生态系统服务功能价值理论等技术方法,建立了基于全线生态影响的方案评价模型,可从全线生态保护角度,为铁路设计方案的优化评价提供参考依据,对于路域生态保护决策提供了新思路。     

A novel approach for VOC source apportionment combining characteristic factor and pattern recognition technology in a Chinese industrial area

Volatile organic compound (VOC) emission control and source apportionment in small-scale industrial areas have become key topics of air pollution control in China. This study proposed a novel characteristic factor and pattern recognition (CF-PR) model for VOC source apportionment based on the similarity of characteristic factors between sources and receptors. A simulation was carried out in a typical industrial area with the CF-PR model involving simulated receptor samples. Refined and accurate source profiles were constructed through in situ sampling and analysis, covering rubber, chemicals, coating, electronics, plastics, printing, incubation and medical treatment industries. Characteristic factors of n-undecane, styrene, o-xylene and propane were identified. The source apportionment simulation results indicated that the predicted contribution rate was basically consistent with the real contribution rate. Compared to traditional receptor models, this method achieves notable advantages in terms of refinement and timeliness at similar accuracy, which is more suitable for VOC source identification and apportionment in small-scale industrial areas.     

The dynamics and drivers of environmental performance in Chinese cities: a decomposition analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This paper examines urban environmental performance using a unique database of 286 Chinese cities for the period 2002–2014. Both the dynamics of...     

基于土地利用变更调查的2010-2016年新疆尉犁县生态系统碳储量时空变化

为全面认识干旱区不同土地利用类型时空变化对区域生态系统碳储量的影响,以地处塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘生态脆弱区的新疆尉犁县为研究对象,基于详细的土地利用变更调查数据（2010-2016年）,利用ArcGIS平台和InVEST模型,分析生态系统碳储量对土地利用变化尤其是二级土地利用类型变化的响应.结果表明:①研究区内,无论是区域平均碳密度还是灌木林地、其他林地、其他草地等主要土地利用类型的碳密度均较低,而面积较少的有林地和天然牧草地碳密度相对较高,因此对这些土地利用类型应着重加强保护.②2010-2016年新疆尉犁县碳存储量净减少24.23×104 t,这主要是由于其他草地、其他园地和果园等土地利用类型被开垦为水浇地,或被建设用地、交通用地占用所导致,而同时研究区内有林地和水浇地面积增加带来了碳储量的提高.③从空间变化看,受不同区域土地利用变化方式的影响,碳储量变化特征也有显著差异,但总体上变化敏感区域集中在塔里木河周边县、乡镇及兵团所在地等人类活动聚集区,这些区域平均碳密度较高,土地利用变化也更为剧烈.④尽管由于开垦行为带来耕地面积增加,从而使得研究区耕地总碳储量增加242.77×104 t,但由于塔里木河沿岸碳密度较高的耕地被建设用地占用,新增耕地多来源于土壤碳储量较低的其他草地等土地利用类型,导致耕地平均碳密度有所下降.研究显示,建设用地占用耕地、林地、草地等地类是尉犁县碳储量减少的重要原因,而林业建设能够带来碳储量增加.因此建议:一方面,推进林、草地建设提高区域生态系统固碳能力;另一方面,重点保护塔里木河周边碳密度较高区域,严控耕地开垦或建设用地占用,同时加强耕地保护,防止通过补充碳密度较低的耕地来弥补碳密度较高区域耕地的流失.      

N,N-双(二硫代羧基)乙二胺对微量络合镍的深度脱除特性研究

以柠檬酸镍(CA-Ni)、酒石酸镍(TA-Ni)、焦磷酸镍(SP-Ni)3种低浓度模拟络合镍废水为研究对象,选用自制的重金属捕集剂N,N-双(二硫代羧基)乙二胺(EDTC),对废水中的Ni进行深度脱除.重点研究了EDTC投加量、初始p H、反应时间对Ni去除效果的影响及螯合沉淀物的沉淀性能和溶出特性,同时分析了EDTC去除络合Ni的机理.研究结果表明,处理初始浓度5 mg·L~(-1)的CA-Ni、TA-Ni、SP-Ni,p H为4~8,EDTC最佳投加量分别为60 mg·L~(-1)、55 mg·L~(-1)和70 mg·L~(-1),PAM(聚丙烯酰胺)为1 mg·L~(-1),反应时间2 min,Ni的出水浓度均低于0.05mg·L~(-1),去除率达99%以上.螯合沉淀物沉降性能好且在弱酸弱碱条件下能稳定存在.红外光谱图和元素分析结果表明:EDTC与Ni发生螯合反应,即EDTC直接脱除络合镍中的Ni2+,并与Ni2+生成更稳定的螯合产物EDTC-Ni,进而有效地去除废水中Ni.     

基于高通量绝对定量测序解析岗南水库微生物群落的时空分布特征及关键驱动因素

为了探究水源水库微生物群落时空演变特征及其环境驱动因子,采用高通量绝对定量测序技术,结合数据分析了相对定量和绝对定量对岗南水库微生物群落演变和驱动因子的影响.结果表明,基于绝对定量的微生物群落α-多样性呈现出明显的季节差异(p＜0.05),基于相对定量的微生物群落α-多样性没有差异;绝对定量的微生物群落a-多样性高于相...     

A pyrazine based metal-organic framework for selective removal of copper from strongly acidic solutions

● pz-UiO-66 was synthesized facilely by a solvothermal method. ● Efficient capture of copper from highly acidic solution was achieved by pz-UiO-66. ● pz-UiO-66 exhibited excellent selectivity and capacity for copper capture. ● Pyrazine-N in pz-UiO-66 was shown to be the dominant adsorption site. The selective capture of copper from strongly acidic solutions is of vital importance from the perspective of sustainable development and environmental protection. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted the interest of many scholars for adsorption due to their fascinating physicochemical characteristics, including adjustable structure, strong stability and porosity. Herein, pz-UiO-66 containing a pyrazine structure is successfully synthesized for the efficient separation of copper from strongly acidic conditions. Selective copper removal at low pH values is accomplished by using this material that is not available in previously reported metal–organic frameworks. Furthermore, the material exhibits excellent adsorption capacity, with a theoretical maximum copper uptake of 247 mg/g. As proven by XPS and FT-IR analysis, the coordination of pyrazine nitrogen atoms with copper ions is the dominant adsorption mechanism of copper by pz-UiO-66. This work provides an opportunity for efficient and selective copper removal under strongly acidic conditions, and promises extensive application prospects for the removal of copper in the treatment for acid metallurgical wastewater.     

Removal and recovery of uranium (VI) from aqueous solutions by residual sludge and its biochars

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The removal and recovery of uranium (VI) from water solutions are critical for energy and environmental security. In this study, hydrochar at 100,...     

Fractionation analysis and risk assessment of potential toxic elements in reservoir sediments in central China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The pollution of potential toxic elements (PTEs) in the environment is a persistent issue and draws public attention constantly. However, there is no...     

HPLC-UVD/FLD测定海洋环境样品中PAHs的研究

建立了ＨＰＬＣ－ＵＶＤ／ＦＬＤ测定海洋环境样品中ＰＡＨｓ的分析方法，探讨了紫外可变波长，荧光激发／发射波长，梯度斜率对ＰＡＨｓ响应因子和分离度的影响，得出了仪器的重复性，线性区间，检出限以及不同层析柱的回收率，测定了沉积物和贻贝样品中的ＰＡＨｓ。结果表明，方法的精密度和准确度是令人满意的。