Application of hydration reaction on the removal of recalcitrant contaminants in leachate after biological treatment

Leachate contains amounts of non-biodegradable matters with COD range of 400–1500 mg/L after the biological treatment, and should be removed further to attain the Chinese discharge standards. Hydration reaction has the potential to combine and solidify some recalcitrant substances, and thus could be applied as the advanced leachate treatment process. It was found that COD and NH₃N decreased from 485 to <250 mg/L and 91 to 10 mg/L, with the removal rate over 50% and 90% in the first 6 d, respectively, and COD and NH₃N removal capacity were around 23.7 and 9.2 mg/g under the test conditions. The percentage of the substances with low Mn range of <1000 decreased from 32.9% to 3.2% in leachate after hydration reaction. Tricalcium aluminate, tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate were the most activity compounds successively for the pollutant removal in leachate, and hydration reaction could be the option for the advanced wastewater treatment process thereafter.     

基于数据驱动贝叶斯网络的内河船舶交通事故分析

伴随着我国内河航运的蓬勃发展,内河船舶的行驶安全受到了广泛的关注.将贝叶斯网络引入内河船舶交通事故分析,探究不同事故类型与航道、气候、船舶等方面影响因素之间的关系.首先,以芜湖海事局20132020年间上报的219条内河航运事故船舶数据为基础,抽取样本并使用贝叶斯可视化软件Netica训练得出内河船舶交通事故的贝叶斯网...     

变电站操作不安全行为核心影响因素分析*

为分析变电站中操作不安全行为的核心影响因素,基于国家电网某省变电站员工安全心理自评数据,运用心理学模型确定9种主要心理维度,融合Bayesian Search和Peter Clark(PC)算法,并使用专家知识修正以训练贝叶斯网络模型结构,应用Expectation Maximization(EM)算法训练模型参数,并运用Mutual Information(MI)和预测推理2种方法分析核心影响因素。研究结果表明:训练模型的预测错误率为14.8%,AUC为0.945 8,变电站操作不安全行为的核心影响因素为情绪稳定性和心理承受力。     

浸水条件下树脂锚索锚固性能劣化试验研究∗

预应力树脂锚索运用于交通/水工隧道中,服役环境复杂、年限长,富水围岩区段锚固系统面临潮湿环境长期侵蚀,在浅析潮湿环境侵蚀机制基础上,开展室内试验测试树脂锚固剂水中浸泡后力学性能变化,研究浸水条件下树脂锚索锚固性能变化特征。研究结果表明：树脂锚固剂试样具有弱吸水性,水中浸泡后单轴抗压强度、弹性模量及泊松比出现不同比例下降,试样破坏形态以垂直贯通的主裂缝为主,周围分布数目较多的细小裂缝,表面局部出现块状体的脱落与分离;随着水中浸泡时间的增长,树脂锚索锚固试件拉拔破坏模式由混凝土劈裂破坏,出现树脂锚固剂?锚索黏结失效的索体拔出破坏,平均极限锚固力下降,锚索锚固性能逐渐劣化,试件劈裂破坏时树脂锚固剂?混凝土界面产生分离,索体拔出破坏时为树脂锚固剂?锚索界面滑移。研究揭示了隧道潮湿环境下树脂锚索锚固性能劣化规律现象,有助于加深对预应力树脂锚固系统后期稳定性变化的认知。     

水化氧化处理垃圾渗滤液生物处理后的尾水

经生物处理后垃圾渗滤液尾水的CODCr约在500~800 mg/L,此类CODCr除部分为有机物外,还含有大量还原性无机类物质,因此不适合采用常规的生物处理方法进行深度处理。本研究在投药量较低的情况下,采用水泥、NaAlO2和Ca(ClO)2等物质联合作用,取得较好的尾水CODCr去除效果(达到国家二级排放标准)。机理研究表明:渗滤液尾水CODCr的去除主要通过两种途径:一方面为常规的氧化作用,另一方面通过特殊的水化作用,可去除部分还原性无机类物质。     

生活垃圾填埋场矿化垃圾分选研究

对上海市老港生活垃圾填埋场填埋龄为1～14年的矿化垃圾进行了分选研究.结果表明,填埋龄在8年以上矿化垃圾细料(粒径＜50 mm)的百分比约占60%,而填埋龄低于5年的矿化垃圾细料比例低于40%.开采出来的垃圾经分选后的产品可得到有效的资源化利用.     

一株乐果降解菌的筛选、鉴定及其降解特性研究

采用自制驯化装置,从土壤中分离纯化出一株能以乐果为单一碳源生长的菌株,命名为菌株LPx。根据生理生化特征和16S rRNA(GenBank Accession No.HM488993)基因序列分析,初步将该菌株鉴定为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)。通过对其降解乐果特性研究,结果显示,菌株LPx降解乐果的最适pH为7.5、最适温度为30℃、最适接种量为10%(体积分数)。最适条件下,100 mg/L乐果可在120 h内基本被降解。菌株对乐果的降解属于高浓度底物抑制的酶促反应,vmax(不存在抑制剂时最大酶促反应速率)=0.734 d-1,km(米氏常数)=21.700 mg/L,k1(底物抑制系数)=259.215 mg/L。     

Chemical and olfactive impacts of organic matters on odor emission patterns from the simulated construction and demolition waste landfills

The explosive increase of construction and demolition waste (CDW) caused the insufficient source separation and emergency disposal at domestic waste landfills in many developing countries. Some organic fractions were introduced to the CDW landfill process and resulted in serious odor pollution. To comprehensively explore the impacts of organic matters on odor emission patterns, five CDW landfills (OIL), with organic matters/ inert CDW components (O/I) from 5% to 30%, and the control group only with inert components (IL) or organics (OL) were simulated at the laboratory. The chemical and olfactive characters of odors were evaluated using the emission rate of 94 odorants content (ER_total), theory odor concentration (TOC_total), and e-nose concentration (ER_ENC), and their correlations with waste properties were also analyzed. It was found that the main contributors to ER_total (IL: 93.0% NH₃; OIL: 41.6% sulfides, 31.0% NH₃, 25.9% oxygenated compounds) and TOC total (IL: 64.1% CH₃SH, 28.2% NH₃; OIL: 71.7% CH₃SH, 24.8% H₂S) changed significantly. With the rise of O/I, ER_total, TOC_total, and ER_ENC increased by 10.9, 20.6, and 2.1 times, respectively. And the organics content in CDW should be less than 10% (i.e., DOC<101.3 mg/L). The good regressions between waste properties (DOC, DN, pH) and ${\mathrm{ER}}_{\stackrel{?}{\mathrm{ENC}}}$ (r=0.86, 0.86, -0.88, p<0.05), ${\mathrm{TOC}}_{\stackrel{?}{\mathrm{total}}}$ (r=0.82, 0.79, -0.82, p<0.05) implied that the carbon sources and acidic substances relating to organics degradation might result in that increase. Besides, the correlation analysis results (${\mathrm{ER}}_{\stackrel{?}{\mathrm{ENC}}}$ vs. ${\mathrm{TOC}}_{\stackrel{?}{\mathrm{total}}}$, r=0.96, p<0.01; vs. ${\mathrm{ER}}_{\stackrel{?}{\mathrm{total}}}$, r=0.86, p<0.05) indicated that e-nose perhaps was a reliable odor continuous monitoring tool for CDW landfills.     

Insight into the adsorption of tetracycline onto amino and amino–Fe functionalized mesoporous silica: Effect of functionalized groups

In order to study the influences of functionalized groups onto the adsorption of tetracycline (TC), we prepared a series of amino and amino–Fe^3 + complex mesoporous silica adsorbents with diverse content of amino and Fe^3 + groups (named N,N-SBA15 and Fe-N,N-SBA15). The resulting mesoporous silica adsorbents were fully characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherms. Furthermore, the effects of functionalized groups on the removal of TC were investigated. The results showed that the periodic ordered structure of SBA-15 was maintained after modification of amino/Fe^3 + groups. The functionalized amino groups decreased the adsorption capacity while the coordinated Fe^3 + increased the adsorption capacity. The adsorption kinetics of TC fitted pseudo-second-order model well and the equilibrium was achieved quickly. The adsorption isotherms fitted the Langmuir model well and with the Fe^3 + content increased from 3.93% to 8.26%, the Q_max of the adsorbents increased from 102 to 188 mmol/kg. The solution pH affected the adsorption of TC onto amino complex adsorbents slightly while influenced the adsorption onto Fe-amine complex adsorbents greatly. The adsorption of TC on SBA15 and N,N-SBA15 may be related to the formation of outer-sphere surface complexes, while the adsorption of TC onto Fe-N,N-SBA15 was mainly attributed to the inner-sphere surface complexes. This study could offer potential materials that have excellent adsorption behavior for environmental remediation and suggested useful information for the preparing other adsorbents in environmental applications.