环糊精在环境污染治理中的应用分析

环糊精独特的结构特征使其在环境污染治理领域表现出越来越广泛的应用前景。主要综述了环糊精促进水体中有机污染物去除的应用研究,对土壤中污染物的修复应用研究,以及在其他环境污染治理方面的应用。展望了环糊精及其衍生物在环境保护等领域的应用前景。     

Allelochemicals of the invasive neophyte Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc. (Polygonaceae)

Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. and Zucc., a traditional Chinese medicine is now a wide-spread invasive neophyte in Europe and America. The novel weapon hypothesis states that some invasive weed species owe part of their success as invaders to allelopathy mediated by some allelochemicals. Previous HPLC/UV/ESI-MS analysis showed that the constituents of the roots of P. cuspidatum from China were obviously different from the species collected in Switzerland (present as an invasive neophyte) with respect to piceatannol glucoside, resveratroloside and some proanthocyanidin. This work isolated these special constituents from the invasive plant and studied their allelopathy effect, as well as the related structures by the seedling and growing model of Lepidium sativum (garden cress, Brassicaceae). The results revealed that stilbenes as piceatannol glucoside, resveratroloside and proanthocyanidins as catechin, epicatechin from this plant were comparatively stronger allelochemicals than the reported allelochemical (−)-catechin, which may partly explain the invasive behavior of this plant in Europe.     

微涡旋絮凝-逆流气浮-纳滤集成工艺去除水中腐殖酸的动态运行特征

通过微涡旋絮凝逆流气浮-纳滤集成工艺的动态试验研究,确定其运行周期为72 h,能很好地去除水中腐殖酸有机物,但不同纳滤膜组成的集成工艺处理效果不同.采用PACl絮凝剂处理水样2时,以流程1运行的含TQ56-36FC型纳滤膜的集成工艺出水的高锰酸盐指数为0.45 mg/L,UV254nm在0.003 3左右波动,且有95%以上的脱盐率.以流程2运行的含M-N1812A型纳滤膜的集成工艺处理3种水样时的膜清水的高锰酸盐指数在0.75 mg/L左右波动,UV254nm大都远小于0.007 5,有时甚至为0.水样1和水样3的UV254nm平均值为0.005 4,水样2的最低,平均值为0.003 3,脱盐率只有6%～10%.以PACl为絮凝剂时,集成系统有较强的适应原水水质变化的能力.预处理中活性炭柱的存在提高了M-N1812A型纳滤膜清水样的水质,但并没有延长膜的使用周期.这也表明膜的污染更重要的是来自无机物的污染.     

铁屑过滤-SBR工艺处理印染废水的研究

采用铁屑过滤－ＳＢＲ工艺对印染废水进行了处理研究,当进水ＣＯＤ为１０００－１６００ｍｇ／Ｌ,色度为２００－８００倍,ＢＯＤ５在２００－４００ｍｇ／Ｌ时,ＣＯＤ去除率可达８５％,ＢＯＤ５去除率和脱色率均在９０％以上,出水达到排放标准,该工艺具有投资少,运行费用低,处理效果稳定等特点,尤其适合中小型印染厂的废水治理。     

Blind identification of active landslides in urban areas: a new set of comprehensive criteria

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - More than 70% of catastrophic landslides were previously unknown and brought tremendous losses to human life and property in urban regions; therefore,...     

Effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on quality of the red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) wintering habitat

The core zone of the Yancheng National Natural Reserve (YNNR) in China is the largest wintering habitat of red-crowned cranes (cranes) in the world. However, the invasion of Spartina alterniflora (S. alterniflora) not only changed the original landscape structure of the wetlands but also impacted the cranes’ habitats in the YNNR. In this paper, field investigation data and landscape pattern indices were used to analyze the effects of the S. alterniflora invasion on the habitat quality of wintering cranes. The results indicate that the seep weed (Suaeda salsa) in the natural wetland and the common reed (Phragmites australis) in the managed wetland both provide suitable habitats for cranes. However, the cranes prefer the natural wetland more. The explosive growth of S. alterniflora in the natural area has led to a significant reduction of the cranes’ habitat. The area of crane habitat decreased from 52.07 km² in 2000 to 22.36 km² in 2015. As a result of the S. alterniflora invasion, the benthic biomass has declined, which has negatively impacted the quantity and structure of the food utilized by the cranes. This study has both theoretical and practical significance and provides a scientific basis for protecting the wintering habitat of the red-crowned cranes.

     

社会环境检测机构质量监管措施研讨

就目前的情况而言,我国在社会环境检测机构质量不容乐观。因此,我们应该根据实际情况,来设置相应的社会环境检测监管方案。我们可以通过严格规范社会环境检测机构市场准入门槛、创设专门的社会环境检测机构质量监管部门、创设社会环境检测机构网上投诉平台等方式,来提升监管力度,让社会环境检测机构正确发挥其应有的作用。     

土壤环境质量标准在工程应用中的局限性分析

为贯彻落实《中华人民共和国环境保护法》,加强建设用地土壤环境监管,管控污染地块对人体健康的风险,保障人居环境安全,生态环保部组织相关部门编制了土壤环境质量标准,并于2018年8月1日起开始实施。在标准实施的过程和应用过程中发现新发布的标准存在一些局限性。本文以土壤污染机理为基础,结合现行的治理技术,论述土壤质量标准在时间、空间及应用中的局限性。     

生物炭和石墨的电化学性质对剩余污泥厌氧消化产甲烷的影响

以玉米秸秆为原料,分别在300、500和700℃的条件下热解制备生物炭(CS300、CS500、CS700),对其理化性质(pH、比表面积、灰分含量、元素组成)和电化学性质(电子供给能力(EDC)、电子接受能力(EAC)、导电率(EC))进行了表征,并将3种生物炭和导电型石墨分别加入消化反应器进行污泥中温厌氧消化批次实验。结果表明:CS300具有最高的EDC(0.598 mmol·g~(-1)),CS700具有最高的EAC(0.740 mmol·g~(-1)),石墨的导电性最强(2.0×10~4 S·m~(-1));4种碳材料对污泥厌氧消化产甲烷均有促进作用,CS300、石墨、CS500和CS700实验组的甲烷累积总产量比对照组分别提高了42.4%、38.9%、28.9%和11.2%。微生物群落结构分析结果表明:甲烷生成的主要代谢途径是CO_2还原代谢途径;3种生物炭材料均提高了Methanosarcina等氢营养型产甲烷古菌的相对丰度,CS300的富集能力最强,石墨的影响作用则不显著。冗余分析结果表明:4种碳材料的电化学性质对厌氧细菌群落组成变化的贡献度为52.7%,对厌氧古菌群落组成变化的贡献度为64.4%;具有氧化还原活性的生物炭通过反复供给、接受电子大幅增加体系中微生物可用电子数量来提高互养微生物种间电子传递效率;而导电性能优秀的石墨则主要通过促进微生物的直接电子传递来提高甲烷产率。研究为解析具有电化学活性的碳材料对厌氧微生物菌群代谢特征和电子传递的影响规律提供了一定的理论支撑,对提高污泥厌氧消化效率、实现能源高效回收具有重要理论价值和现实意义。     

Facilitating biodiversity conservation through partnerships to achieve transformative outcomes

Conservation biology is a mission-driven discipline that must navigate a new relationship between conservation and science. Because conservation is a social and political as well as an ecological project, conservation biologists must practice interdisciplinarity and collaboration. In a comparative study of 7 cases (Jaguars in the Chaco, Grevy's zebra in Kenya, Beekeeping in Tanzania, Andean cats in Argentina, Jaguars in Mexico, Lobster fishing, and Black bears in Mexico), we examined motivations for collaboration in conservation, who can collaborate in conservation, and how conservation professionals can work well together. In 5 case studies, successful conservation outcomes were prioritized over livelihood benefits. In the other 2 cases, livelihoods were prioritized. All case studies employed participatory approaches. There were multiple external actors, including local and Indigenous communities, nongovernmental organizations, agencies, regional and national governments, and international organizations, which enhanced conservation and wider sustainability outcomes. Key collaboration aspects considered across the case studies were time (mismatch between relationship building and project schedules), trust required for meaningful partnerships, tools employed, and transformative potential for people, nature, and the discipline of conservation biology. We developed guidelines for successful collaboration, including long-term commitment, knowledge integration, multiscalar and plural approaches, cultivation of trust, appropriate engagement, evaluation, supporting students, and efforts for transformation.