Photocatalytic reactions of pyrene at TiO2/water interfaces

The photocatalytic oxidation of pyrene preadsorbed on TiO2 is examined in aqueous suspension under UV irradiation. Chemical oxygen demand measurements, UV-VIS spectrophotometer, infrared spectrometer and GC-MS analytical techniques were used to monitor the formed intermediates. During the oxidation processes, the ring-open reaction, hydroxylation and ketolysis occurred to produce some intermediate products (4-oxapyrene-5-one, 1,6- or 1,8-pyrenediones, 4,5-phenanthrenedialdehyde, cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene). Some factors affecting the photodegradation rate were also studied. The results were different from other studies: The pH of the dispersion, ratio of Py/TiO2:water had little effect on the photooxidation rate of pyrene catalyzed by TiO2, while the surface coverage, addition of Fe3+ affected it greatly.     

Properties of pyrolytic chars and activated carbons derived from pilot-scale pyrolysis of used tires

Used tires were pyrolyzed in a pilot-scale quasi-inert rotary kiln. Influences of variables, such as time, temperature, and agent flow, on the activation of obtained char were subsequently investigated in a laboratory-scale fixed bed. Mesoporous pores are found to be dominant in the pore structures of raw char. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surfaces of activated chars increased linearly with carbon burnoff. The carbon burnoff of tire char achieved by carbon dioxide (CO2) under otherwise identical conditions was on average 75% of that achieved by steam, but their BET surfaces are almost the same. The proper activation greatly improved the aqueous adsorption of raw char, especially for small molecular adsorbates, for example, phenol from 6 to 51 mg/g. With increasing burnoff, phenol adsorption exhibited a first-stage linear increase followed by a rapid drop after 30% burnoff. Similarly, iodine adsorption first increased linearly, but it held as the burnoff exceeded 40%, which implied that the reduction of iodine adsorption due to decreasing micropores was partially made up by increasing mesopores. Both raw chars and activated chars showed appreciable adsorption capacity of methylene-blue comparable with that of commercial carbons. Thus, tire-derived activated carbons can be used as an excellent mesoporous adsorbent for larger molecular species.     

水中钙离子现场快速测定方法研究

通过研制一种测试管 ,从而能简便、快速的测定水中的钙离子。该测试管尤其适宜于现场即时监测 ,具有快速、简便、抗干扰能力强和价格低廉等特点     

PCR-DGGE技术在水解酸化-缺氧法处理采油废水的微生物研究中的应用

采用PCR-DGGE技术直接从水解酸化和缺氧反应器中的污泥样品提取DNA,测定部分菌种的16S rDNA V3区片段序列,通过NCBI基因库比对,初步确定不同生物反应器内优势菌种,并进行了多样性指数分析.结果表明,水解酸化反应器中的生物膜与缺氧反应器中悬浮污泥微生物种群结构存在较大的差异,显示了在不同环境条件下,微生物群落结构的连续动态变化过程.     

各种影响因子对电解法预处理医药废水的影响研究

探讨了电解法预处理医药废水时停留时间、电解电压、废水初始浓度、温度和废水pH值等影响因子对去除色度、COD和提高废水可生化性等处理效果的影响，并考察了其应用于工业实际废水处理的可行性。实验结果表明：电解法更适合高浓度医药废水的处理，色度的去除率可达到90％以上；电解时间宜控制在40-60min；电解电压越高，废水COD和色度去除效果越好；在实验温度范围内，温度对色度和COD去除率的影响不大；废水pH值为7．5时电解效果最佳，工程运用宜控制在6—9之间。     

酸性媒介黄GG生物降解性能的试验研究

通过试验研究酸性媒介黄GG染料在厌氧、好氧条件下的生物降解机理、降解能力及共代谢降解效果.试验结果表明,厌氧菌能够通过葡萄糖共代谢作用很快降解酸性媒介黄GG;而好氧条件下经驯化活性污泥不能降解酸性媒介黄GG,经过较长时间驯化活性污泥能降解酸性媒介黄GG,但降解效果很差.葡萄糖浓度的升高对提高酸性媒介黄GG厌氧生物降解率有利,当葡萄糖浓度为2000 mg/L时,40mg/L酸性媒介黄GG的12和60 h厌氧生物降解率分别达到81.5%和93.5%.酸性媒介黄GG浓度对厌氧菌的生物降解能力也有影响.当葡萄糖浓度为2000 mg/L,酸性媒介黄GG(浓度为20～100 mg/L)的厌氧降解率最好,降解效率达到了94%,说明厌氧菌对酸性媒介黄GG的降解能力较好.     

水解酸化-缺氧法处理采油废水的污染物迁移降解试验研究

水解酸化．缺氧法对采油废水有较好的处理效果，采用GC／MS技术对水解酸化-缺氧法处理采油废水过程中污染物的迁移降解进行的研究表明：水解酸化段和缺氧段对采油废水中碳原子为C6-C9、分子量为100—140的有机物均有较好的降解能力。其中，在水解酸化段中酮类、芳烃得到较好的降解，缺氧段中酚类和醚类化合物降解明显。水解酸化-缺氧工艺对于采油废水中的甲苯和二甲苯具有较好的降解能力。     

氰化尾渣制备微电解填料及降解甲基橙研究

以氰化尾渣为原料,采用煤基直接还原工艺制备铁碳微电解填料,并将填料用于处理甲基橙等模拟废水.研究了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、煤用量等制备条件对填料降解甲基橙的影响.结果表明,在焙烧温度为1250℃,焙烧时间为60min,煤用量为30%的条件下制备的微电解填料对甲基橙废水的脱色效果最好.提高填料用量和降低溶液初始pH值有利于去除甲基橙.用于处理400mL浓度为100mg/L的甲基橙溶液,在填料用量为2g,溶液初始pH值在3~6的范围内,当降解时间为30min时,甲基橙脱色率均接近100%.XRD分析表明,最佳条件下制备的填料中主要结晶物相为零价铁.SEM显示填料中的零价铁颗粒粒度均在50μm以下,零价铁与残碳构成微电解填料.     

浅水湖泊水生植物适宜生物量评估方法的探讨

总结了水生植物对湖泊生态系统的影响、水生植物生物量控制与收割管理的研究,分析了目前浅水富营养化湖泊恢复过程中水生植物生物量确定方法的不足;立足于水生植物生长特点,提出了基于湖泊生态模型的浅水湖泊大型水生植物在生长期和衰亡期的适宜生物量评估方法的研究框架,本文可为指导湖泊生态修复工程及其后续维护,为完善健康湖泊的综合评价标准和湖泊生态修复理论提供科学支撑.     

碧流河水库细菌群落结构特征及其关键驱动因子

为了解碧流河水库细菌群落结构及其多样性变化,探讨环境因子对其的影响,于2016~2017年应用16S r DNA高通量测序技术,分析比较了碧流河水库一年周期内4个季节的细菌群落结构及其多样性差异,使用冗余分析(redundancy analysis,RDA)探讨水体环境因子与细菌群落结构及其多样性的关系.结果表明,全年碧流河水库细菌群落多样性指数(ShannonWiener指数)平均达6.9,冬季夏季春季秋季.序列比对结果显示,除了分类地位不明确的菌群和稀有菌群外,共发现了细菌44门115纲184目368科865属,优势菌门为变形菌门Proteobacteria 34.16%,蓝菌门Cyanobacteria 24.35%,放线菌门Actinobacteria 13.35%,拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes 12.42%.优势菌门变形菌门中优势菌纲为β-变形菌纲β-Proteobacteria18.34%,优势菌属为unidentified_Chloroplast 17.73%;RDA结果表明不同菌群受环境因子影响不同,悬浮物(TSS)、透明度(SD)、酸碱度(p H)、活性磷(ADP)、溶氧(DO)、总磷(TP)、亚硝酸氮(NO-2-N)为影响群落分布主要的环境因子,其中夏季菌群与NO-2-N、ADP、TP和TSS显著正相关.