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Impacts of land cover change on plant and bird species diversity in Hainan Island,China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
1IntroductionLandcoverchangehasanincreasingimpactonforestecosystemsworldwide.Thedestructionofnativehabitatsisrecognizedasoneo... 相似文献
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海南岛生态安全评价 总被引:68,自引:2,他引:66
从生态安全涵义理解出发,建立了包括资源依赖性、生态环境状态、生态系统服务功能三方面在内的区域生态安全评价体系,提出区域生态安全系数概念和计算方法,并以海南岛为例,评价了其陆地生态系统安全,得出海南陆地综合生态安全系数为0.610,其生态服务功能安全性较高(0.772),而资源依赖性安全系数最低(0.468)。从研究可知,海南岛生态安全整体情况比较好,尤其是在水土保持、自然灾害抵制、空气净化等方面,但其能源的自给能力、生物多样性维持以及生活垃圾和污水的处理等方面都存在很大的不安全隐患,应采取科学合理的措施加以改善,从而构建海南岛安全的生态系统,实现区域可持续发展。 相似文献
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上海浦东垃圾焚烧发电厂飞灰性质研究 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13
研究了上海浦东新区垃圾焚烧发电厂烟气净化系统飞灰的物理和化学性质 .结果表明 :飞灰为含水率很低的灰色粉末 ,主要由Si,Al,Ca,Na ,K ,Mg ,Fe ,C和S组成 .飞灰中Pb的浸出浓度高于危险废物鉴别标准 ,为危险废物 .矿物组成主要为SiO2 ,Al2 SiO5,Na Cl,KCl,CaAl2 Si2 O8,Zn2 SiO4,CaCO3和CaSO4等 ;溶解盐含量高达 1 7 9%— 2 2 1 % ,酸中和能力约为 3 0meq·g- 1 — 6 0meq·g- 1 ,对环境pH变化的抵抗能力强 . 相似文献
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Many chemicals in use today lack appropriate documentation on their environmental properties, fate, and effects. To counteract this lack of documentation it is vital to thoroughly investigate a compound’s fate in the environment before it comes into use. The present study is describing a novel method for assessing the reduction potential of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), as a part of a project aimed to create an experimental model for determination of chemical persistence. The reductive transformation of 15 PBDE congeners using sodium borohydride was determined. Pseudo-first-order reaction rate constants of the transformations were determined by monitoring the disappearance of the investigated congeners. The reductions lead primarily to formation of lower brominated PBDEs. Each PBDE congener was tested in a total of ten replicates which showed a relative standard deviation of 31% or less. The decaBDE, BDE-209 was approximately 3 times as prone to reductive transformation as BDE-207. The three nonaBDEs, BDE-206, BDE-207, and BDE-208, showed similar reductive potential. The reactivity of the tested octaBDEs was quite variable, from 5% to 24% of the reactivity of BDE-209 for BDE-196 and BDE-198, respectively. The heptaBDEs studied were in the range of the less reactive octaBDEs, except for BDE-181 which was as high as 13% of the reactivity of BDE-209. The results presented give a method for measuring the propensity of PBDEs, and possibly similar compounds, to undergo reductions. They indicate a potential route to a vital piece of information in the assessment of environmental persistence of chemicals. 相似文献
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青弋江流域不同级别河流底栖动物群落结构研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
2013年8月对青弋江流域不同级别河流底栖动物进行了调查。共采集到底栖动物60种,隶属于39科58属。从1级到4级河流,种类数表现出逐渐减少的趋势,分别为46、39、36和16种。1~3级河流中种类数最多的均是水生昆虫,4级河流中种类数最多的是软体动物。整个流域底栖动物密度和生物量分别为382 ind./m2和3643 g/m2。不同级别河流中,2级河流底栖动物密度最大,4级河流密度最小,且二者存在显著差异;2级和4级河流底栖动物生物量都较高,且显著高于1级河流。在功能摄食类群方面,整个流域以刮食者和过滤收集者为主。随着河流级别的增加,刮食者相对密度和相对生物量表现出先增加后下降的趋势;撕食者在1、2级河流所占比例较高;直接收集者和过滤收集者在1级和4级河流中所占比例较高 相似文献
79.
Åke Sjödin David A. Cooper Kenth Andréasson 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(3):186-190
Abstract Ambient air measurements of N2O, NOx, CO, and HC based on grab sampling were conducted in a major traffic tunnel in Sweden, that carries up to 4,000 vehicles per hour, in order to estimate real-world emissions of N2O for road traffic. Two different methods—relative and mass balance—were used to calculate a N2O emission factor for the mixed vehicle fleet, which gave an average emission factor, at average speeds of 30-70 km/h, of approximately 25 mg N2O/ km, with a range of 7-56 mg/km. 相似文献
80.
Anders Stigebrandt Bengt Liljebladh Loreto de Brabandere Michael Forth ?ke Granmo Per Hall Jonatan Hammar Daniel Hansson Mikhail Kononets Marina Magnusson Fredrik Norén Lars Rahm Alexander H. Treusch Lena Viktorsson 《Ambio》2015,44(1):42-54
In a 2.5-year-long environmental engineering experiment in the By Fjord, surface water was pumped into the deepwater where the frequency of deepwater renewals increased by a factor of 10. During the experiment, the deepwater became long-term oxic, and nitrate became the dominating dissolved inorganic nitrogen component. The amount of phosphate in the water column decreased by a factor of 5 due to the increase in flushing and reduction in the leakage of phosphate from the sediments when the sediment surface became oxidized. Oxygenation of the sediments did not increase the leakage of toxic metals and organic pollutants. The bacterial community was the first to show changes after the oxygenation, with aerobic bacteria also thriving in the deepwater. The earlier azoic deepwater bottom sediments were colonized by animals. No structural difference between the phytoplankton communities in the By Fjord and the adjacent Havsten Fjord, with oxygenated deepwater, could be detected during the experiment.