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81.
Pavão Diogo C. Porteiro João Ventura Maria A. Borges Silva Lurdes Medeiros António Moniz Ana Moura Mónica Moreira Francisco Silva Luís 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(11):16504-16528
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Tourists have become increasingly interested in certain aspects of their destination, including landscape and biodiversity elements, thereby promoting... 相似文献
82.
Mónica J. Martínez-Mejía Isabela Sato Susanne Rath 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(19):15995-16006
Veterinary antimicrobials are emerging environmental contaminants of concern. In this study, the sorption of enrofloxacin (ENR) onto humic acids (HAs) extracted from three Brazilian soils was evaluated. HAs were characterized by elemental analysis and solid 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The sorption of ENR onto HAs was at least 20-fold higher than onto the soils from which they were separated. Ionic and cation bridging are the primary interactions involved. The interactions driven by cation exchange are predominant on HAs, which appear to have abundant carboxylic groups and a relatively high proportion of H-bond donor moieties with carbohydrate-like structures. Interactions explained by cation bridging and/or surface complexation on HAs are facilitated by moieties containing conjugated ligands, significant content of oxygen-containing functional groups, such as phenolic-OH or lignin-like structures. HAs containing electron-donating phenolic moieties and carboxylic acid ligand groups exhibit a sorption mechanism that is primarily driven by strong metal binding, favoring the formation of ternary complexes between functional groups of the organic matter and drugs. 相似文献
83.
Verónica Borbolla-Pérez Lourdes Georgina Iglesias-Andreu Mauricio Luna-Rodríguez Pablo Octavio-Aguilar 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2017,19(6):2421-2441
Mexico was the main vanilla producer worldwide many years ago. However, it currently provides just around 5 % of the global production. The issues that have led to the current stagnation of the vanilla production in Mexico have been addressed from various perspectives, but few studies have included the opinion of smallholder farmers. For this reason, the aim of this study was to conduct a participatory diagnostic to identify the challenges and constraints that affect the vanilla productive sector in Mexico from the smallholder farmers perspective. This study was conducted under the of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach; consequently, we used PRA techniques for data collection. The qualitative data obtained were transcribed and analyzed using the Content Analysis Method (CAM) and Constant Comparative Method (CCM). The results showed that most of the challenges and limitations referred to by smallholder farmers result from the lack of training to improve production, processing, and marketing. Likewise, various restrictive aspects were identified in the production process that affect crop productivity, such as cultivation in small parcels, high incidence of diseases, premature abortion of fruits, and low tolerance of plants to stress. An aspect common to all processes is the need to promote organization and training schemes, since under the conditions described for the vanilla production chain in Mexico, relationships have been built in highly competitive communities and, in general, the targets seek have been mutually exclusive. For the above, we consider that achieving more profitable and sustainable production schemes require placing smallholder farmers at the base of an inclusive production system supported by fair trade, with organization, institutions, technology transfer, level of trust, and cooperation as core elements. 相似文献
84.
Florencia Biancalana M. Sofía Dutto Anabela A. Berasategui Germán Kopprio Mónica S. Hoffmeyer 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(12):8629-8647
This study focused on the seasonal and spatial analysis of the mesozooplankton community in a human-impacted subantarctic bay in Argentina and aimed to detect assemblages associated with environmental variability. Mesozooplankton samples and environmental data were obtained in the Ushuaia Bay (UB) seasonally, from August 2004 to June 2005, and spatially, from coastal (more polluted), middle (less influenced) and open sea water (free polluted) sampling stations. Remarkable seasonal changes on the mesozooplankton community were observed. Nitrogenated nutrients, chlorophyll a, salinity and temperature were the prevailing environmental conditions likely associated with the different mesozooplankton assemblages found in the bay. The copepods Eurytemora americana, Acartia tonsa, Podon leuckarti and Nematoda were particularly observed on the northwest coast of the bay, characterized by the highest level of urban pollution, eutrophicated by sewage and freshwater inputs from the Encerrada Bay which is connected to it. The stations situated in the northeast area, mostly influenced by freshwater input from rivers and glacier melting, showed low mesozooplankton abundances and an important contribution of adventitious plankton. The copepods Ctenocalanus citer, Clausocalanus brevipes and Drepanopus forcipatus were mostly observed at the stations located near the Beagle Channel, characterized by open sea and free polluted waters. Our findings suggest that the variations observed in the mesozooplankton assemblages in the UB seem to be modulated by environmental variables associated with the anthropogenic influence, clearly detected on the coast of the bay. Certain opportunistic species such as A. tonsa and E. americana could be postulated as potential bioindicators of water quality in subantarctic coastal ecosystems. 相似文献
85.
Distribution and partitioning of iron, zinc, and arsenic in surface sediments in the Grande River mouth to Cuitzeo Lake, Mexico 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Benjamín Villalobos-Castañeda Ruth Alfaro-Cuevas Raúl Cortés-Martínez Verónica Martínez-Miranda Liliana Márquez-Benavides 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,166(1-4):331-346
Cuitzeo Lake is one of the largest and most important lakes in Mexico. It receives different types of pollutants through its main tributary, the Grande River of Morelia. The aim of this work was to determine if high concentrations of iron, zinc, and arsenic are present in sediments in an area near the river mouth to the lake, as well as to estimate the partitioning of these metals using a sequential extraction procedure in order to obtain information of their potential bioavailability. Sediment samples were collected from three different sites in Cuitzeo Lake and two sites in Grande River in both dry and wet seasons. A sequential extraction procedure was carried out to determine the concentrations of these elements in different geochemical phases of the sediments. Total metal concentrations were evaluated by using the enrichment factor and the geoaccumulation index. A comparison with sediment quality guidelines and shale values has also been made. The results indicate that sediments are considered unpolluted by iron and moderately polluted by zinc and arsenic. However, fractionation studies showed that significant amounts of Zn and As could be released to the lake ecosystem depending on the environmental conditions, representing a medium risk potential of bioavailability to the biota. 相似文献
86.
Mónica Rodríguez-Freire Rafael Crecente-Maseda 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2008,13(1):35-51
In view of the extensive information available on wolf ecology and habitat suitability, and on the fragmentation of wolf populations
by motorways and similar infrastructures, a key factor in their conservation, the aim of the present study was to model the
directional connectivity of wolf populations in the region of Galicia in northwest Spain, and to quantify anthropogenic effects
on wolf dispersal patterns. To this end, we map the probability of wolf movement by means of known relationships between wolf
movement and anthropogenic, vegetation and topographic factors. The relative importance of each factor was quantified by sensitivity
analyses. Three types of cost surface were constructed: (a) isotropic surfaces, (b) anisotropic cost surfaces taking into
account terrain slope effects in the movement, and (c) surfaces obtained by combining the isotropic and anisotropic surfaces.
The results obtained by approaches (a) and (c) indicate that one of the region’s motorways (the AP-9) probably acts as a significant
barrier to wolf movement, possibly isolating two subpopulations, while the remaining motorways probably do not have major
effects on dispersal. Estimation of lowest-cost routes for wolf displacement allowed identification of areas critical for
connectivity, in which it would be of interest to perform detailed studies with more precise input data on motorway course
and the location of drainage channels and underpasses, etc. (these being the factors identified by sensitivity analysis to
be those with the most marked effects on the cost surfaces). The visualization of connectivity enabled by this approach will
allow wolf management and conservation efforts to be focused on critical areas: such efforts might include measures aimed
to encourage wolf dispersal through areas in which conflict with human activity is minimized, thus contributing positively
to the management of a socially conflictive species. Finally, evaluation of the different cost surfaces suggests that it would
be of interest to introduce two modifications to the anisotropic algorithm, to allow the user to weigh the importance of the
different input factors, and to allow the inclusion of more than one anisotropic factor in the model. 相似文献
87.
This paper introduces a new approach to prioritize urban planning projects according to their environmental pressure in an efficient and reliable way. It is based on the combination of three procedures: (i) the use of environmental pressure indicators, (ii) the aggregation of the indicators in an Environmental Pressure Index by means of the Analytic Network Process method (ANP) and (iii) the interpretation of the information obtained from the experts during the decision-making process.The method has been applied to a proposal for urban development of La Carlota airport in Caracas (Venezuela). There are three options which are currently under evaluation. They include a Health Club, a Residential Area and a Theme Park. After a selection process the experts chose the following environmental pressure indicators as ANP criteria for the project life cycle: used land area, population density, energy consumption, water consumption and waste generation. By using goal-oriented questionnaires designed by the authors, the experts determined the importance of the criteria, the relationships among criteria, and the relationships between the criteria and the urban development alternatives.The resulting data showed that water consumption is the most important environmental pressure factor, and the Theme Park project is by far the urban development alternative which exerts the least environmental pressure on the area. The participating experts coincided in appreciating the technique proposed in this paper is useful and, for ranking ordering these alternatives, an improvement from traditional techniques such as environmental impact studies, life-cycle analysis, etc. 相似文献
88.
Anjum NA Ahmad I Válega M Pacheco M Figueira E Duarte AC Pereira E 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,19(7):2879-2888
Introduction and aims
The dominance of a plant species in highly metal-contaminated areas reflects its tolerance or adaptability potential to these scenarios. Hence, plants with high adaptability and/or tolerance to exceptionally high metal-contaminated scenarios may help protect environmental degradation. The present study aimed to assess the strategies adopted by common reed, Phragmites australis for its dominance in highly mercury-contaminated Ria de Aveiro coastal lagoon (Portugal).Materials and methods
Both plant samples and the sediments vegetated by monospecific stand of Phragmites australis were collected in five replicates from mercury-free (reference) and contaminated sites during low tide between March 2006 and January 2007. The sediments?? physico-chemical traits, plant dry mass, uptake, partitioning, and transfer of mercury were evaluated during growing season (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) of P. australis. Redox potential and pH of the sediment around roots were measured in situ using a WTW-pH 330i meter. Dried sediments were incinerated for 4?h at 500??C for the estimation of organic matter whereas plant samples were oven-dried at 60??C till constant weight for plant dry mass determination. Mercury concentrations in sediments and plant parts were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry with thermal decomposition, using an advanced mercury analyzer (LECO 254) and maintaining the accuracy and precision of the analytical methodologies. In addition, mercury bioaccumulation and translocation factors were also determined to differentiate the accumulation of mercury and its subsequent translocation to plant parts in P. australis.Results and conclusions
P. australis root exhibited the highest mercury accumulation followed by rhizome and leaves during the reproductive phase (autumn). During the same phase, P. australis exhibited ??5 times less mercury-translocation factor (0.03 in leaf) when compared with the highest mercury bioaccumulation factor for root (0.14). Moreover, seasonal variations differentially impacted the studied parameters. P. australis?? extraordinary ability to (a) pool the maximum mercury in its roots and rhizomes, (b) protect its leaf against mercury toxicity by adopting the mercury exclusion, and (c) adjust the rhizosphere-sediment environment during the seasonal changes significantly helps to withstand the highly mercury-contaminated Ria de Aveiro lagoon. The current study implies that P. australis has enough potential to be used for mercury stabilization and restoration of sediments/soils rich in mercury as well. 相似文献89.
Loureiro S Amorim MJ Campos B Rodrigues SM Soares AM 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(2):625-636
Contamination problems are often characterized by complex mixtures of chemicals. There are two conceptual models usually used to evaluate patterns of mixture toxicity: Concentration Addition (CA) and Independent Action (IA). Deviations from these models as synergism, antagonism and dose dependency also occur. In the present study, single and mixture toxicity of atrazine, dimethoate, lindane, zinc and cadmium were tested in Porcellionides pruinosus and Enchytraeus albidus, using avoidance as test parameter. For both species patterns of antagonism were found when exposed to dimethoate and atrazine, synergism for lindane and dimethoate exposures (with the exception of lower doses in the isopod case study) and concentration addition for cadmium and zinc occurred, while the exposure to cadmium and dimethoate showed dissimilar patterns.This study highlights the importance of dose dependencies when testing chemical mixtures and that avoidance tests can also be used to asses the effects of mixture toxicity. 相似文献
90.
Silvia Jerez Miguel Motas Jesús Benzal Julia Diaz Virginia Vidal Verónica D’Amico Andrés Barbosa 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(5):3300-3311
The presence of metals in the Antarctic environment is principally a natural phenomenon caused by geochemical characteristics of the region, although some anthropogenic activities can increase these natural levels. Antarctic penguins present several of the characteristics of useful sentinels of pollution in Antarctica such as they are long-lived species situated at the top of food web. The concentrations of Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, and Pb were determined by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry in samples of liver, kidney, muscle, bone, feather, and stomach contents of gentoo, chinstrap, and Adélie penguin (12 adults, five juveniles) from carcasses of naturally dead individuals collected opportunistically in the Antarctic Peninsula area. The obtained results showed that accumulation and magnification of several elements can be occurring, so that Cd and Se reached levels potentially toxic in some specimens. The presence of human activities seems to be increasing the presence of toxic metals such as Mn, Cr, Ni, or Pb in penguins. 相似文献