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341.
Fate of metal-associated POM in a soil under arable land use contaminated by metallurgical fallout in northern France 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Labanowski J Sebastia J Foy E Jongmans T Lamy I van Oort F 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,149(1):59-69
Organic matter is a major metal-retaining constituent in soils. Among the diversity of organic components in soils, particulate organic matter (POM) accumulates large amounts of metals, but the fate of such metal-associated POM is unknown. We studied different POM size fractions and their corresponding mineral size-fractions isolated from the surface horizon of a soil affected by metallurgical fallout. Analyses of total and EDTA extractible metal contents performed on all size fractions demonstrated that with decreasing POM size, larger metal concentrations were observed but they were less extractable. Micromorphological study revealed the occurrence of opaque parts in decaying POM fragments and their individualization as fine, irregularly shaped opaque fragments in the soil matrix. This work suggested a mutual sequestration of metal pollutants and organic carbon as micro-meter sized, metal-enriched organic particles derived from POM, representing an original pathway for natural attenuation of risk related to metal contaminated soils. 相似文献
342.
eransk Slavomr Urk Martin evc Jaroslav Khun Miloslav 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(1):31-35
Goal, Scope and Background
The aim of this work is to show the ability of several fungal species, isolated from arsenic polluted soils, to biosorb and volatilize arsenic from a liquid medium under laboratory conditions. Mechanisms of biosorption and biovolatilization play an important role in the biogeochemical cycle of arsenic in the environment. The quantification of production of volatile arsenicals is discussed in this article.Methods
Heat-resistant filamentous fungi Neosartorya fischeri, Talaromyces wortmannii, T. flavus, Eupenicillium cinnamopurpureum, originally isolated from sediments highly contaminated with arsenic (more than 1403 mg.l-1 of arsenic), and the non-heat-resistant fungus Aspergillus niger were cultivated in 40 mL liquid Sabouraud medium (SAB) enriched by 0.05, 0.25, 1.0 or 2.5 mg of inorganic arsenic (H3AsO4). After 30-day and 90-day cultivation under laboratory conditions, the total arsenic content was determined in mycelium and SAB medium using the HG AAS analytical method. Production of volatile arsenic derivates by the Neosartorya fischeri strain was also determined directly by hourly sorption using the sorbent Anasorb CSC (USA).Results
Filamentous fungi volatilized 0.025–0.321 mg of arsenic from the cultivation system, on average, depending on arsenic concentrations and fungal species. The loss of arsenic was calculated indirectly by determining the sum of arsenic content in the mycelium and culture medium. The amount of arsenic captured on sorption material was 35.7 ng of arsenic (22nd day of cultivation) and 56.4 ng of arsenic (29th day of cultivation) after one hour's sorption. Biosorption of arsenic by two types of fungal biomass was also discussed, and the biosorption capacity for arsenic of pelletized and compact biomass of Neosartorya fischeri was on average 0.388 mg and 0.783 mg of arsenic, respectively.Discussion
The biosorption and amount of volatilized arsenic for each fungal species was evaluated and the effect of initial pH on the biovolatilization of arsenic was discussed.Conclusions
The most effective biovolatilization of arsenic was observed in the heat-resistant Neosartorya fischeri strain, while biotransformation of arsenic into volatile derivates was approximately two times lower for the non-heat-resistant Aspergillus niger strain. Biovolatilization of arsenic by Talaromyces wortmannii, T. flavus, Eupenicillium cinnamopurpureum was negligible. Results from biosorption experiments indicate that nearly all of an uptaken arsenic by Neosartorya fischeri was transformed into volatile derivates.Recommendations and Perspective
. Biovolatilization and biosorption have a great potential for bioremediation of contaminated localities. However, results showed that not all fungal species are effective in the removal of arsenic. Thus, more work in this research area is needed.343.
Camci Cetin S Karaca A Haktanir K Yildiz H 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,128(1-3):489-493
Desertification has recognized as an environmental problem by many international organizations such as UN, NATO and FAO. Desertification
in Turkey is generally caused by incorrect land use, excessive grazing, forest fires, urbanization, industry, genetic erosion,
soil erosion, salinization, and uncontrolled wild type plants picking. Due to anthropogenic destruction of forest, steppe
flora gradually became dominant in Anatolia. In terms of biodiversity, Turkey has a significant importance in Europe and Middle
East. Nine thousands plant species naturally grown in Turkey, one third of them are endemic. Also, endemic species of vertebrates,
thrive in the lakes and marshy areas. The studies of modelling simulation of vegetation on the effects of Mediterranean climate
during the Roman Classical period by using vegetation history showed that, in 2000 years BP, Mediterranean countries were
more humid than today. Turkey is a special place on the global concern in terms of desertification because of biodiversity,
agricultural potential, high population, social and economical structure, topographical factors and strategic regional location.
Communication among scientists, decision makers and international non-profit organizations must be improved. 相似文献
344.
Boughedaoui M Kerbachi R Joumard R 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2008,58(1):45-54
A sample of eight private gasoline and diesel conventional light-duty vehicles (LDVs) in use with various ages, carrying a load of 460 kg, were tested on a representative trip in the traffic flow of the city of Blida to obtain emission factors representing the actual use conditions of Algerian LDVs. The gas sampling system (mini-constant volume sampling) as well as the analyzers are carried on-board the vehicle. Around 55 tests were conducted during 3 months covering more than 480 km under various real driving conditions. The mean speed downtown is about 16.1 km/hr with a rather low acceleration, an average of 0.60 m/sec2. For each test, kinematics are recorded as well as the analysis of the four emitted pollutants carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, and total hydrocarbons. Emission factors were evaluated according to speed for each category of gasoline and diesel engines. The influence of some parameters such as cold/hot start, age of vehicle and its state of maintenance are discussed. Results are compared with the European database ARTEMIS for comparable vehicles. These measurements contribute to the development of unit emission of the vehicles used in Algeria, which are necessary for the calculation of emission inventory of pollutants and greenhouse gases from the road transportation sector. The unit emissions constitute a tool of decisionmaking aid regarding the conception of new regulations of vehicle control and inspection in Algeria and even in similar developing countries. 相似文献
345.
Landfill leachates usually need to be treated before discharged, and using soil-plant systems for this has gained substantial interest in Sweden and in the UK. A three-year field study was conducted in central Sweden to quantify plant response, treatment efficiency and impact on groundwater quality of landfill leachate irrigation of short-rotation willow coppice (Salix). Two willow varieties were tested and four irrigation regimes in sixteen 400-m2 plots. The willow plants did not react negatively, despite very high annual loads of nitrogen (≤2160 kg N/ha), chloride (≤8600 kg Cl/ha) and other elements. Mean annual growth was 1.5, 9.8 and 12.6 tonnes DM/ha during years 1-3. For one of two willow varieties tested, relative leaf length accurately predicted growth rate. Irrigation resulted in elevated groundwater concentrations of all elements applied. Treatment efficiency varied considerably for different elements, but was adequate when moderate loads were applied. 相似文献
346.
Use of long‐term data to evaluate loss and endangerment status of Natura 2000 habitats and effects of protected areas
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Habitat loss is a key driver of biodiversity loss. However, hardly any long‐term time series analyses of habitat loss are available above the local scale for finer‐level habitat categories. We analysed, from a long‐term perspective, the habitat specificity of habitat‐area loss, the change in trends in habitat loss since 1989 (dissolution of the communist state), and the impact of protected areas on habitat loss in Hungary. We studied 20 seminatural habitat types in 5000 randomly selected localities over 7 periods from 1783 to 2013 based on historical maps, archival and recent aerial photos and satellite imagery, botanical descriptions, and field data. We developed a method for estimating habitat types based on information transfer between historical sources (i.e., information from a source was used to interpret or enrich information from another source). Trends in habitat loss over time were habitat specific. We identified 7 types of habitat loss over time regarding functional form: linear, exponential, linear and exponential, delayed, minimum, maximum, and disappearance. Most habitats had continuous loss from period to period. After 1986 the average annual rates of habitat loss increased, but the trend reversed after 2002. Nature conservation measures significantly affected habitat loss; net loss was halted, albeit only inside protected areas. When calculating the degree of endangerment based on short‐term data (52 years), we classified only 1 habitat as critically endangered, but based on long‐term data (230 years), this increased to 7 (including habitat that no longer existed). Hungary will probably reach the global Convention on Biological Diversity Target 5 but will probably not achieve the EU Biodiversity Strategy target of halting habitat loss by 2020. Long‐term trend data were highly useful when we examined recent habitat‐loss data in a wider context. Our method could be applied effectively in other countries to augment shorter‐term data sets on trends in habitat area. 相似文献
347.
Lobo Maria Tereza Morais Pereira Souza Scalize Paulo Sérgio Kraus Cleber Nunes da Silva Weliton José Garnier Jérémie da Motta Marques David Bonnet Marie-Paule de Souza Nogueira Ina 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(10):10642-10657
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Canadian Water Quality Index (CWQI) provides protection for freshwater life promoting healthy ecosystems and safeguarding human health. Biological... 相似文献
348.
Mika Nieminen Marjo Palviainen Sakari Sarkkola Ari Laurén Hannu Marttila Leena Finér 《Ambio》2018,47(5):523-534
Drained peatlands are an important source of forest biomass in boreal regions and ditch network maintenance (DNM) operations may be needed to restore the drainage functions of ditches. By reviewing the available literature, as well as utilizing an existing hydrological model and analyzing the characteristics of eroded sediments, we assessed the impacts of DNM on runoff and exports of suspended solids (SS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). In general, DNM had minor impact on runoff and dissolved N and P, and it decreased rather than increased DOC exports. To increase the understanding of the hydrochemical impacts of DNM, future research should focus on the characteristics of SS and particulate nutrient exports. A major gap in knowledge is also the very limited regional representativeness of the available studies. High erosion risk in the ditches reaching the mineral soil below peat should be acknowledged when planning mitigation measures. 相似文献
349.
Sackey Lyndon N.A. Mocová Klára A. Petrová Šárka Kočí Vladimír 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(47):67150-67158
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Wood is one of the extensively used goods on the earth due to its large accessibility and usage in a wide range of human life. When woods are exposed... 相似文献
350.
Camilla Knudsen Tveiten Eirik Albrechtsen Irene Wærø Aud Marit Wahl 《Safety Science》2012,50(10):1960-1966
Emergency management faces a changed reality in terms of possibilities and threats with use of new technology. Due to the ongoing changes in the operation of oil and gas production, different constellations of actors in a distributed system are built. This introduces opportunities for planning and operation. At the same time as new technology offers opportunities, the technology-enabled distributed network of actors generate challenges for emergency handling. The purpose of the study presented has been to look for possibilities for making emergency management more resilient by becoming a part of continuous risk and hazard management. The suggested three main elements that are important to consider in the development of future emergency management are (1) proactive emergency management through early risk anticipation; and emergency management’s adaptation to new and future work practices such as (2) distributed actors and (3) new technology. Based on these results we suggest broadening the scope of emergency management to systematically include monitoring, anticipation, responding and learning. 相似文献