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481.
Sewage sludge composting: Influence of initial mixtures on organic matter evolution and N availability in the final composts 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jérémy Doublet Cédric Francou Maelenn Poitrenaud Sabine Houot 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2010,30(10):1922-1930
The influence of bulking agents on organic matter (OM) stability and nitrogen (N) availability in sewage sludge composts was investigated. The same sludge was composted on an industrial plant with different mixtures of bulking agents. The composting process included an active phase and a curing phase, both lasting 6 weeks, separated by the screening of composts. The OM evolution was characterised by carbon (C) and N mass balances in biochemical fractions. The OM stability and N potential availability of final composts were measured during soil incubations. During composting, the C and N losses reached more than 62% of the initial C and more than 45% of the initial N, respectively, due to C mineralisation or N volatilisation and screening. The bulking materials mostly influenced OM evolution during the active phase. They contributed to the mitigation of N losses during the active phase where N immobilisation through active microbial activity was favoured by bulking agents increasing the C:N ratio of the initial mixtures. However, the influence of bulking agents on OM evolution was removed by the screening; this induced the homogenisation of compost characteristics and led to the production of sludge composts with similar organic matter characteristics, C degradability and N availability. 相似文献
482.
Vladimír Kočí Klára Mocová Marie Kulovaná Simona Vosáhlová 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(3):611-623
Background, aim, and scope
The purpose of this study was to compare the suitability of different phytotoxicity testing procedures for the evaluation of toxicity associated with both soil contamination and solid wastes, both of which can be of environmental risk to plants. Ten different representative types of contaminated soils and solid waste samples were chosen from the Czech Republic. 相似文献483.
Victoria Reyes-García lvaro Fernndez-Llamazares Yildiz Aumeeruddy-Thomas Petra Benyei Rainer W. Bussmann Sara K. Diamond David García-del-Amo Sara Guadilla-Sez Natalia Hanazaki Nicolas Kosoy Margarita Lavides Ana C. Luz Pamela McElwee Vicky J. Meretsky Teresa Newberry Zsolt Molnr Isabel Ruiz-Malln Matthieu Salpeteur Felice S. Wyndham Francisco Zorondo-Rodriguez Eduardo S. Brondizio 《Ambio》2022,51(1):84
The Convention on Biological Diversity is defining the goals that will frame future global biodiversity policy in a context of rapid biodiversity decline and under pressure to make transformative change. Drawing on the work of Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars, we argue that transformative change requires the foregrounding of Indigenous peoples’ and local communities’ rights and agency in biodiversity policy. We support this argument with four key points. First, Indigenous peoples and local communities hold knowledge essential for setting realistic and effective biodiversity targets that simultaneously improve local livelihoods. Second, Indigenous peoples’ conceptualizations of nature sustain and manifest CBD’s 2050 vision of “Living in harmony with nature.” Third, Indigenous peoples’ and local communities’ participation in biodiversity policy contributes to the recognition of human and Indigenous peoples’ rights. And fourth, engagement in biodiversity policy is essential for Indigenous peoples and local communities to be able to exercise their recognized rights to territories and resources. 相似文献
484.
Digested sewage sludge mixed with copper mine tailings was incubated for 3 mo at 16 combinations of temperature (-1, 5, 10, and 15 degrees C) and soil moisture content (2, 8, 14, and 24% by weight). Carbon dioxide evolution and net N mineralization were measured at increasing time intervals. A two compartment first-order kinetic model (refractory and labile C) was fitted to the time series of measured CO2 fluxes using nonlinear regression analysis. The dependencies of the rate constants on moisture and temperature could be well described by log-linear functions. The estimated Q10 value (the factor by which the rate is increased as temperature is increased 10 degrees C) was 2.55. Within the range of temperature and moisture considered here, which correspond to conditions occurring naturally in Sweden, CO2 evolution was more strongly controlled by moisture than by temperature. Less mineral N accumulated during the experiment at the lowest moisture or temperature. However, the dependency of net N mineralization on moisture and temperature in the remaining treatments was less clear than for C evolution, presumably due to denitrification at the higher temperatures and moisture contents. Nitrate was formed after around 2 wk but only at 10 and 15 degrees C. 相似文献
485.
Gölcük Nature Park (GNP) is an area protected by law in Turkey. It is an important nature park with rich flora, fauna, geomorphologic forms, landscape features, and recreational potential in the region. However, GNP does not have a recreation management plan. The purpose of this study was to determine the actual natural, cultural, and visual resources of GNP, determine the most suitable recreational sites with multiple factors, evaluate the demands and tendencies of visitors, and suggest recreational activities and facilities for the most suitable sites of GNP. However, it was also conceived as leading to a recreational plan and design of GNP in the future and identifying the entire appropriate and current data of GNP with the creation of various maps. This study used multifactor analysis to determine the most suitable recreation sites of GNP. Used recreation factors were established including degree of slope, proximity to water resources, accessibility, elevation, vegetation, soil, climate, aspect, current cultural facilities, visual values, and some limiting factors in accordance with the characteristics of GNP. Weighting and suitability values of factors were determined by 30 local expert surveys. All obtained data were evaluated and integrated in the Geographical Information Systems base. Obtained maps were overlapped. Thus, recreational suitability zones map were created manually. However, the demands and behaviours from visitor surveys in GNP were focused on the most suitable recreation sites of the park. Finally, 10% of GNP was identified as the most suitable sites for recreational use. Various recreational facilities and activities (including picnicking, sports facilities and playgrounds, camping sites, walking paths, food and local outlets, etc.) were recommended for nine of the most suitable areas on the proposed recreational map. 相似文献
486.
Kocí V Ocelka T Dragoun D Vit M Grabic R Sváb M 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(2):94-101
Background, Aim and Scope
The article is focused on dioxin, furan, PCB and organochlorine pesticide monitoring in the surface waters of the Central
European, protected natural reserve Krivoklatsko, under the UNESCO programme Man and Biosphere. Persistent compounds are presently
transported via different means throughout the entire world. This contamination varies significantly between sites. This raises
the question of what constitutes the naturally occurring background levels of POPs in natural, unpolluted areas, but which
are close to industrialised regions. Information of real background POP contamination can be of high value for risk assessment
management of those sites evidently polluted and for the defining of de-contamination limits.
Preserved areas should not be seen as isolated regions in which the impacts of human activities and natural factors are either
unexpected or overlooked. Every ambient region, even those protected by a law or other means, are still closely connected
to neighbouring human developed and impacted areas, and are therefore subject to this anthropogenic contamination. These areas
adjacent to natural reserves are sources of diverse substances, via entry of air, water, soil and/or biota. After an extended
period of industrial activities, organochlorine pollutants, even those emitted in trace concentrations have reached detectable
levels. For future research and for the assessment of environmental changes, present levels of contamination would be of high
importance. This work publishes data of the contamination with organochlorine pollutants of this natural region, where biodiversity
and ecological functions are of the highest order.
Materials and Methods:
Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were utilised as the sampling system. SPMDs were deployed in two small creeks and one
water reservoir selected in the central part of the Krivoklatsko Natural Reserve, where it could be expected that any possible
contamination by POPs would be lowest. The exposed SPMDs were analysed both for chemical contents of POPs and for toxicity
properties. The chemical analyses of dibenzo-dioxins, dibenzo-furans, PCBs and OCPs were analysed by GC/MS/MS on GCQ or PolarisQ
(Thermoquest). Toxicity bioassays were performed on the alga Desmodesmus subspicatus, bacteria Vibrio fischeri and crustacean
Daphnia magna. All toxicity data were expressed as the effective volume Vtox. Vtox is a toxicity parameter, the determination
of which is independent of SPMD deployment time and pre-treatment dilution (unlike, for example, the EC50 of the SPMD extract).
Results:
The following chemical parameters were monitored: 1) tetra, penta, hexa and hepta dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans; 2) all those
detectable from tri- through deca-polychloriated biphenyls (PCBs) and 3) a group of organochlorine pesticides: hexachlorobenzene
and isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane, DDE, DDD and DDT. The concentrations of dioxins and furans on the assessed sites varied
from under detection levels up to 7 pg.l-1; PCBs were detected in a sum concentration up to 2.8 ng.l-1; and organochlorine
pesticides up to 346 pg.l-1. The responses of bioassays used were very low, with the values obtained for Vtox being under
0.03 l/d.
Discussion:
Toxicity testing showed no toxicity responses, demonstrating that the system used is in coherence with the ecological status
of the assessed sites. Values of Vtox were under the critical value – showing no toxicity. The PCA of chemical analysis data
and toxicity responses resulted in no correlations between these two groups of parameters. This demonstrated that the present
level of contamination has had no direct adverse effects on the biota.
Conclusions:
The concentration values of six EPA-listed, toxic dioxins and sums of tetra-hepta dioxins; nine EPA toxic dibenzofurans and
the sums of tetra-hepta bibenzofurans are presented together with all tri-deka PCBs and organochlorine pesticides (alfa-,
beta-, gama-, delta-HCH, HCB, opDDE, ppDDE, opDDD, ppDDD, opDDT, ppDDT). These values represent possible current regional
natural background values of these substances monitored within the Central European region, with no recorded adverse effects
on the freshwater ecosystem (up until the present time).
Recommendations and Perspectives:
Assessment of dioxins, furans and other organochlorine compounds within natural reserves can be important for the monitoring
of human-induced impacts on preserved areas. No systematic monitoring of these substances in areas not directly affected by
industry has generally been realised. There is a paucity of data of the presence of any of these substances within natural
regions. Further monitoring of contamination of both soil and biota by dioxins and furans in preserve regions is needed and
can be used for future monitoring of man-made activities and/or accidents.
Semipermeable membrane devices proved to be a very good sampling system for the monitoring of trace concentrations of ambient
organochlorine compounds. Toxicity evaluation using the Vtox concept demonstrated that those localities assessed expressed
no toxicity. 相似文献
487.
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology - Deep-diving sperm whales have a complex social structure and the largest brain of any animal, but very little is known about the ontogeny of their diving,... 相似文献
488.
489.
Christian Mougin Véronique Gouy Vincent Bretagnolle Julie Berthou Patrick Andrieux Patrick Ansart Marc Benoit Michaël Coeurdassier Irina Comte Cécile Dagès Laurence Denaix Sylvie Dousset Laure Ducreux Sabrina Gaba Daniel Gilbert Gwenaël Imfeld Lucie Liger Jérôme Molénat Sylvain Payraudeau Anatja Samouelian Céline Schott Gaëlle Tallec Emma Vivien Marc Voltz 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(34):33882-33894
RECOTOX is a cross-cutting initiative promoting an integrated research to respond to the challenges of monitoring, understanding, and mitigating environmental and health impacts of pesticides in agroecosystems. The added value of RECOTOX is to develop a common culture around spatial ecotoxicology including the whole chain of pressure-exposure-impact, while strengthening an integrated network of in natura specifically equipped sites. In particular, it promotes transversal approaches at relevant socioecological system scales, to capitalize knowledge, expertise, and ongoing research in ecotoxicology and, to a lesser extent, environmental toxicology. Thus, it will open existing research infrastructures in environmental sciences to research programs in ecotoxicology of pesticides. 相似文献
490.