钢铁烧结烟气脱硫灰制备蒸养砖的实验研究

我国钢厂每年的脱硫灰产生量巨大,但由于脱硫灰性状不稳,难以被利用.为缓解这一情况,本文通过对武钢三烧脱硫灰物理、化学、物相等因素的分析,提出应用脱硫灰制备蒸养砖的思路,并通过正交实验得到各种因素对于蒸养砖强度的影响顺序为:水泥熟料添加量＞粉煤灰添加量＞脱硫灰添加量,蒸养砖在最佳配比时抗压强度可达14.05 MPa.     

Significance of mangrove–mudflat boundaries as nursery grounds for the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain

Fisheries managers frequently try to protect juveniles in order to preserve stocks. Juveniles can be protected by either implementing changes designed to avoid catching immature animals (e.g. increasing mesh size or altering fishing techniques) or protecting nursery grounds. To prevent the capture of immature animals, an estimate of size at maturity is required as well as a knowledge of both fishing methods and the exact location of the nursery grounds. Strong demand for juvenile mud crabs to stock aquaculture ponds has resulted in development of fisheries targeting crabs of all sizes from instar 1 to mature individuals. Using five different fishing methods, different stages in the life cycle of Scylla paramamosain were followed for a period of 16 months in an estuarine population in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Mangrove habitat utilisation begins when crabs settle out from the plankton at instar 1 [modal internal carapace width (ICW), 0.5 cm] amongst the pneumatophores at the mangrove fringe. Increasingly larger crabs were found deeper into the mangrove but they were still living on the surface (modal ICW size class, 1.5 cm). As their size increases, the crabs either dig burrows (modal ICW size class, 4.5 cm) or they live in the sub-tidal zone, migrating into the mangrove with each tide to feed (modal ICW size class, 4.5 cm). Larger crabs were caught offshore (modal ICW size class, 12.5 cm) where females accounted for 60% of the catch although of these, only 63% were mature. Recruitment of early instars was continuous but peaked in December to February. Subsequent peaks in the catch rates of larger size classes indicated the development of a single cohort with an estimated growth rate of 2.0 cm ICW per month. On the basis of abdominal width, females were estimated to mature at 10.2 cm ICW although at 9.7 cm ICW, 50% of females had disengaged abdomens. Abdominal disengagement occurred in males at the slightly smaller size of 9.1 cm ICW. Allometric relationships between chela height and carapace width suggested 50% of males acquire mature chelae at 10.2 cm ICW. These results demonstrate the close linkage between early life stages of S. paramamosain and certain specific niches within mangrove habitats, with the main adult population found to be living sub-tidally at some distance from the mouth of the estuary. The study also highlights the special importance of the mangrove fringe, the border between the mangrove forest and the sea, an area which is particularly vulnerable to physical and anthropogenic impacts.     

中国农村推广浅层地能开发技术前景探讨

利用热泵技术开采浅层低温地能（热）来满足农村供暖（冷）的需求,同时实现供暖（冷）区域的零污染排放。2007年开始在宁安市渤海镇进行试点建设,带来了可观的环境、经济、社会效益,对改变能源结构,资源的高效利用、不可再生能源资源的持续利用、农村经济的可持续发展和农村城镇化建设等具有重要的促进作用和现实意义。浅层地能（热）的开发、利用,在某种意义上讲,是暖通行业能源利用的一场革命。     

浅谈宁安市农村垃圾污染现状与防治对策

分析当前宁安市农村垃圾污染现状及其原因,针对农村垃圾的收集、贮运、最终处理处置的主要环节,提出了宁安市农村垃圾治理的总体思路、坚持的原则、运行模式以及采取的措施,使垃圾从产生源头上进行减量化、资源化,以最少量进入到无害化处置环节。农村垃圾治理不仅带来环境效益,同时也带来相应的经济效益和社会效益。从根本上实现农村垃圾污染防治,以保持农村经济可持续发展,农民生活质量持续提高。     

衡水湖湿地恢复预案空间模拟及生态风险评价

基于湿地水位、坡度和土地利用/植被覆盖数据3个湿地生境要素,依据湿地生境自然生态单元要素组合和不同湿地恢复策略,在综合考虑水禽生境适宜性和保护区发展现状及未来目标的基础上,对衡水湖国家级自然保护区湿地的生态恢复进行了多预案设计.同时,将目标保护物种纳入考虑范围,通过对湿地恢复预案的生态指数、脆弱度和生态风险值进行评估,构建了一套相对系统的湿地恢复规划与评价体系,并通过对湿地恢复预案实施前后基础设施建设和人为活动导致的生态风险进行评估,揭示了各预案下湿地生态风险在保护区内的空间分布特征.研究表明,以湿地恢复为主的预案1的高风险值区域分布范围最大,以生境改造为主的预案2的高风险值区域分布范围在3个调整方案中最小,湿地恢复与生境改造并重的方案3的高风险值区域在3个调整方案中处于中等水平.结合鸟类适宜生境及其风险分布情况,湿地恢复和生境改造并重的方案值得推荐.     

Simulation of retention and transport of copper,lead and zinc in a paddy soil of the Red River Delta,Vietnam

Heavy metal (HM) contaminations in the topsoil around handicraft villages with non-ferrous heavy metal recycling in the Red River Delta can impose serious threats to the subsoil as well as to the groundwater quality. This feature is very important for paddy soils due to relatively high leaching rates and the dissolution of Fe–Mn oxides under reducing conditions which can accelerate the amount of HM translocated to the subsoil and groundwater.The transport of Cu, Pb and Zn in paddy soils was simulated by numerical modeling of non-equilibrium solute transport with an adaptation of the Hydrus-1D model. For the simulation, a water layer on the soil surface was included, from which HM can infiltrate into the soil depending on the soil hydraulic properties. Sorption coefficients, obtained from batch experiments were used as input data for the simulations. Calculated leaching rates were compared with the binding forms of HM in the samples.The simulations show that leaching rates decrease in the order: Zn > Cu > Pb. This order is confirmed by the results of sequential extractions. Under constant flooded conditions at a water table of 20 cm, Cu, Pb and Zn were estimated to reach the soil depth of 1 m within 470, 495 and 370 days, respectively, emphasizing that reactive pollutants can reach groundwater in a relatively short time. A change of the water layer from 1 to 30 cm can accelerate the leaching rate of HM up to 36%. The hard pan layer was observed to induce a hysteresis in hydraulic conductivity and slow down the movement of HM. Uncertainties in modeling arise as several parameters in the simulation can be determined only with significant errors. However, Hydrus-1D is a suitable tool for simulation of the transport of HM in paddy soils.     

一起由竹夹板着火引起的爆炸事故分析及防范

分析了一起由竹夹板着火引起的空罐爆炸事故,事故原因是竹夹板被点燃后,燃烧产生大量一氧化碳、氢气和甲烷,从而引发了爆炸事故,提出了预防类似事故的措施.     

不同设置方式下的防风网抑尘效果对比

为对比防风网不同设置方式对露天堆场起尘的影响,以某露天煤堆场为例,结合现场实测数据对数值计算方法进行了验证,并根据实际堆场设计了4种设网方案。通过计算各料堆表面摩阻风速的分布,统计出了各方案下的全年起尘率。结果表明：当防风网呈＂口＂型设置时,抑尘效果最好;沿全年主导风向上方向呈＂L＂型设置时,抑尘效果最差。比较＂П＂型...     

Formation,antimicrobial activity,and biomedical performance of plant-based nanoparticles: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Because many engineered nanoparticles are toxic, there is a need for methods to fabricate safe nanoparticles such as plant-based nanoparticles. Indeed, plant...