农业废物堆肥中高产漆酶新菌株的分离鉴定及酶学性质研究

从农业固体废物堆肥中分离得到1株高产漆酶的新菌株,通过对其形态特征和ITS序列分析,鉴定该菌株为哈茨木霉(Hypocrea lixii).以Cu1AF和Cu2R为引物对该菌株的漆酶基因进行扩增,PCR产物回收克隆后测序得到长度为148 bp的漆酶基因片段.在液体培养条件下,菌株漆酶活力可达到67.5 U.mL-1.对该菌株的漆酶酶学性质初步研究显示:漆酶相对分子质量大约为60×103,酶反应的最适温度为35℃,最适pH为4.0;在60℃时漆酶半衰期>1 h;漆酶氧化2,2’-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)的米氏常数(Km)值为1.00 mmol.L-1;金属离子对酶活的影响很大,Na+、Fe2+、Fe3+、Pb2+、Zn2+对酶活都有抑制作用.该菌株有很好的应用潜力来作农业废物堆肥处理系统的强化菌剂.     

ISO 9223—2012标准碳钢大气腐蚀速率预测方程在我国典型地区的适用性研究

目的对ISO 9223—2012标准中碳钢大气腐蚀速率预测方程在我国的适用性进行验证。方法利用我国典型沿海地区、盐渍区、工业污染区的碳钢大气腐蚀数据和同期环境数据,分析碳钢大气腐蚀速率预测值和实测值之间的差异,验证ISO 9223—2012标准碳钢大气腐蚀速率预测方程在我国的适用性。结果根据ISO 9223—2012标准碳钢大气腐蚀速率预测方程,利用气温、相对湿度、二氧化硫沉积速率、氯离子沉积速率四项环境因素数据预测碳钢第一年大气腐蚀速率,在我国12个典型地区的预测效果较好,R^2达到0.90。根据预测值划分的腐蚀等级与实测值划分结果一致性好。结论 ISO 9223—2012标准碳钢大气腐蚀速率预测方程适用于我国大气环境,预测方程中氯离子沉积速率数据可以直接采用挂片法数据。     

1株异养反硝化硫细菌的分离鉴定及代谢特性

工业废水中的有机物、硫化物和含氮化合物是废水处理面临的重大挑战.利用生物技术,可以实现在废水处理系统中同时去除这3种污染物.在污水处理反应器中,分离出1株异养反硝化硫细菌HDD1.基于16S rRNA基因的系统进化分析和生理特征显示菌株HDD1为Thauera属的一个种.菌株HDD1能够利用乙酸盐和硫化物作为电子供体,硝酸盐作为电子受体进行呼吸作用.在15h之内,CH3COO-(300 mg·L~(-1))、S2-(200 mg·L~(-1))和NO-3(487 mg·L~(-1))被完全代谢去除.扫描电子显微镜和能量色散谱结果显示硫化物氧化的主要产物为单质硫.菌株HDD1能够同时应用于工业废水处理和硫元素的资源化回收.     

Effects of varying dilutions, pH, temperature and cations on spermatozoa motility in fish Larimichthys polyactis

The objectives of this present study were to assess the effects of varying dilutions, pH, temperature and cations on spermatozoa motile parameters (SMPs) in fish Larimichthys polyactis. Optimal SMPs were observed when emen was diluted in artificial seawater (ASW) at a ratio of 1 to 100, with temperature of 10 degreesC and pH 8.0. The spermatozoa of L. polyactis were immotile in distilled water and motile in solution containing different cations. Maximum SMPs were obtained in each solution containing 0.4 mol NaCI, 0.4 mol KCI, 0.2 mol CaCI2 and 0.2 mol MgCl2. This study provides baseline knowledge of L. polyactis spermatozoa sensitivity of pH, temperature and cationic effects.     

Is selenium deficiency really the cause of Keshan disease?

Keshan disease (KD) is a dilated cardiomyopathy closely related with a diet deficient in the mineral selenium. It is named for the northeastern Chinese county Keshan, where the disease prevalence is high because of selenium-deficient soil. KD is a gene–environment interaction disease. Here, we used stepwise multiple regression analysis to analyze the risk factors of the disease and the main clinical features in 71 KD patients and 290 controls. The variables analyzed included age, sex, family history of KD, blood selenium level, glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) activity, variance at codon198 in GPx-1 gene, residence in an endemic area, abnormal electrocardiography (ECG) findings, and cardiothoracic (CT) ratio. The main risk factors found were low GPx-1 activity, family history of KD and living in an endemic area. The main clinical features were increased cardiac load on ECG and increased CT ratio and Tei index. Public health and clinical prevention efforts could focus on increasing GPx-1 activity to address KD. Is selenium deficiency really the certain cause of KD? This is not at all a settled question. And further study is promptly required to investigate the etiology of KD.     

强电离放电对铜绿微囊藻的杀灭效果

研究了不同曝气量、初始藻密度、放置培养时间、pH值和温度条件下强电场电离放电对铜绿微囊藻的杀灭效果.结果表明,在一定范围内,微囊藻灭活率随曝气量、初始藻密度、放置培养时间、pH值和温度的增加而增大.当曝气量为500 mL·min-1,初始藻密度为9×106mL-1,pH值为9.18,温度为317 K,放置培养时间为4 d,处理时间为10 min时,铜绿微囊藻的灭活率接近100.0%.     

Controlling environmental pollution: dynamic role of fiscal decentralization in CO2 emission in Asian economies

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The “environment” has become one of the important and debatable topics of the world and policymakers identifying the new predictors of CO2...     

洞庭平原褐家鼠种群动态和繁殖特性

褐家鼠是洞庭平原稻作区的主要害鼠之一，在房舍区数量动态复杂，季节消长基本上属春冬双峰型，在农田区数量季节消长为夏秋双峰型。褐家鼠总雌性比为５２．０％，全年繁殖．３～１０月为繁殖盛期，盛期平均怀孕率为３４．９１±８．６９％，平均胎仔数为８．２±ｌ．０，４、７、９月出现怀孕高峰，１１月至翌年２月为繁殖低潮期。褐家鼠在洞庭平原７０年代数量较低，８０年代初暴发成灾，８０年代后期数量有逐步下降趋势。针对种群特征，提出了控制褐家鼠种群数量的对策。     

Technology development and cost analysis of multiple pollutant abatement for ultra-low emission coal-fired power plants in China

The implementation of ultra-low emission (ULE) limits (SO₂: 35 mg/m³, NOx: 50 mg/m³, PM: 10 mg/m³) promoted the development of flue gas treatment technologies in China. Pollutant control technology development for Chinese coal-fired power plants was summarized and an analysis of the applicability and cost of pollutant control technologies was conducted. Detailed data were collected from 30 ultra-low emission coal-fired units across China. Based on a cost analysis model, the average unit power generation incremental costs were 0.0144 and 0.0095 CNY/(kW·hr) for SO₂ and NOx control technologies, respectively. The unit power generation incremental cost of twin spray tower technology was 7.2% higher than that of dual-loop spray tower technology. The effect of key parameters on operating cost was analyzed. The unit power generation incremental cost increased because of increments in the electricity price for SO₂ control technology and the price of the reductant in NOx control technology. With high sulfur content or NOx concentration, the unit power generation incremental cost caused by pollutant control increased, whereas the unit pollutant abatement cost decreased. However, the annual operating hours or load increased, thereby leading to a decline in unit power generation incremental cost and unit pollutant abatement cost.     

基于人工智能的深潜耐压球壳应力场映射

目的 针对深潜耐压球壳在真实下潜过程中全局应力场难以直接获取的问题,提出一种基于人工智能的深潜耐压球壳应力场映射算法。方法 构建深潜耐压球壳有限元模型,并开展仿真分析。提出深潜耐压球壳监测布点方案,进而利用长短时记忆神经网络(Long-short Term Memory Network,LSTM),将测点应力信息作为输入,将全局应力场信息作为输出,构建深潜耐压球壳应力场映射模型。最后,对不同测点下的映射结果进行分析。结果 与模型试验结果相比,仿真误差小于2%。与DNN模型及BP模型相比,映射误差分别下降94.92%与97.76%。结论 所提映射算法可在部分测点失效的情况下仍可以保持较高精度。