压电传感器放大电路设计

为了提高压电传感器的固有频率,减小传感器的体积,采用高输入阻抗的仪表放大器,设计研究了用于压电传感器的放大电路,通过改变放大电路输入回路偏置电阻的电阻值,得到了比常规方法更加简单、有效的简单放大电路,实现了小体积下的一体化压电传感器较好的频率响应和良好的线性度。     

纳米SiO2与常规SiO2颗粒对Hela细胞的细胞毒性作用

为了探讨纳米SiO2和常规SiO2颗粒对Hela细胞的细胞毒性作用,采用不同浓度的纳米SiO2和常规SiO2颗粒(0.05、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6μg·μL-1)对Hela细胞进行12h染毒,应用MTT法检测细胞毒性效应.研究发现,较低浓度(≤0.2μg·μL-1)的纳米SiO2和常规SiO2对Hela细胞无明显细胞毒性(p>0.05);较高浓度时,纳米SiO2(≥0.4μg·μL-1)和常规SiO2(≥0.8μg·μL-1)对Hela细胞具有明显细胞毒性作用(p<0.01),并且随浓度增大细胞毒性增强;当浓度≥0.4μg·μL-1时,纳米SiO2的细胞毒性明显高于相同浓度的常规SiO2(p<0.05).以上结果表明,纳米SiO2和常规SiO2颗粒均能对Hela细胞产生细胞毒性,且纳米SiO2的细胞毒性强于常规SiO2;低浓度(≤0.2μg·μL-1)的纳米SiO2和常规SiO2具有很好的生物相容性.     

The evolution and impact of testing baghouse filter performance

In 1995, the US. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) initiated the Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) program for the purpose of generating both independent and credible performance verification of innovative technologies and helping to accelerate acceptance of these products into the marketplace to further benefit the environment and protect public health. The EPA has approved a testing protocol under this program to verify the performance of commercially available filtration products for pulse-jet baghouses in removingfine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter<2.5 microm; PM2.5). This verification testing protocol was later used as a basis for the development of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Method D6830-02 and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Method 11057. The South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) in California and the EPA s Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) highly encourage the use of ETV/ASTM-verified filtration media. This paper highlights the evolution of the standard test methods, the EPA's and SCAQMD's regulatory activities, the benefits of using verified filtration media, and the importance of including the filter performance testing in future consideration of baghouse permitting, baghouse operation and maintenance (O&M) plans, quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC), and bag monitoring plans.     

Nitrogen transformations and balance in constructed wetlands for slightly polluted river water treatment using different macrophytes

Nitrogen removal processing in different constructed wetlands treating different kinds of wastewater often varies, and the contribution to nitrogen removal by various pathways remains unclear. In this study, the seasonal nitrogen removal and transformations as well as nitrogen balance in wetland microcosms treating slightly polluted river water was investigated. The results showed that the average total nitrogen removal rates varied in different seasons. According to the mass balance approach, plant uptake removed 8.4–34.3 % of the total nitrogen input, while sediment storage and N₂O emission contributed 20.5–34.4 % and 0.6–1.9 % of nitrogen removal, respectively. However, the percentage of other nitrogen loss such as N₂ emission due to nitrification and denitrification was estimated to be 2.0–23.5 %. The results indicated that plant uptake and sediment storage were the key factors limiting nitrogen removal besides microbial processes in surface constructed wetland for treating slightly polluted river water.     

呼吸法测定硝化菌产率系数实验研究

基于硝化过程中合成代谢和能量代谢耦合原理,分析硝化过程中的电子流,建立自养硝化菌细胞生长与氨氮氧化耗氧量之间的关系。采用间歇实验方法,通过电解质呼吸仪测定硝化过程的累积耗氧量和耗氧速率,使用M ann-Ken-dell趋势检验方法确定实验中硝化菌进入内源呼吸的时刻以及内源呼吸过程中的耗氧速率,估算出氨氮氧化的耗氧量。计算结果表明本实验中硝化菌产率系数为0.2345±0.0115 mg COD/mg NH4+-N。     

私人直接投资环境服务业的路径研究

环境服务业中有很多内容都具有不同程度的公共物品性、自然垄断性或社会公益性,这些特殊属性对私人直接投资者造成了收费困难、进入壁垒和高政策风险等阻碍。论文研究通过排他性的制度设计、创造有效竞争模式、推行多样化的公私伙伴关系来分别解决上述困难。论文的研究成果为私人直接投资环境服务业创建了一个现实可行的路径体系。     

Sorption of chlorinated solvents and degradation products on natural clayey tills

The sorption of chlorinated solvents and degradation products on seven natural clayey till samples from three contaminated sites was investigated by laboratory batch experiments in order to obtain reliable sorption coefficients (K_d values). The sorption isotherms for all compounds were nearly linear, but fitted by Freundlich isotherms slightly better over the entire concentration range. For chloroethylenes, tetrachloroethylene (PCE) was most strongly sorbed to the clayey till samples (K_d = 0.84-2.45 L kg⁻¹), followed by trichloroethylene (TCE, K_d = 0.62-0.96 L kg⁻¹), cis-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE, K_d = 0.17-0.82 L kg⁻¹) and vinyl chloride (VC, K_d = 0.12-0.36 L kg⁻¹). For chloroethanes, 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA) was most strongly sorbed (K_d = 0.2-0.45 L kg⁻¹), followed by 1,1-dichloroethane (1,1-DCA, K_d = 0.16-0.24 L kg⁻¹) and chloroethane (CA, K_d = 0.12-0.18 L kg⁻¹). This is consistent with the order of hydrophobicity of the compounds. The octanol-water coefficient (log K_ow) correlated slightly better with log K_d values than log K_oc values indicating that the K_d values may be independent of the actual organic carbon content (f_oc). The estimated log K_oc or log K_d for chlorinated solvents and degradation products determined by regression of data in this study were significantly higher than values determined by previously published empirical relationships. The site specific K_d values as well as the new empirical relationship compared well with calculations on water and soil core concentration for cis-DCE and VC from the Rugårdsvej site. In conclusion, this study with a wide range of chlorinated ethenes and ethanes - in line with previous studies on PCE and TCE - suggest that sorption in clayey tills could be higher than typically expected.     

Analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans in various aqueous samples in Taiwan

Twenty-one fresh water samples were taken from reservoirs, wells and drinking water treatment plants in Taiwan for measurement of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) concentrations. Due to low concentration of PCDD/Fs, water samples (400-1000 L) were collected by using the on-site large volume pre-concentration system and analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography (HRGC)/high resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS). Different characteristics of dioxin profiles in surface water and groundwater are observed. The PCDD/F concentrations in fresh water samples varied from 0.001 to 0.265 pg WHO₉₈-TEQ/L which are lower than the standard (12 pg WHO₉₈-TEQ/L) set by the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (TEPA) for drinking water. Only a small fraction (<5%) of the total PCDD/F concentration in fresh water samples was water-soluble. As a result of their hydrophobicity, PCDD/Fs are effectively removed along with suspended solid via the water treatment process (average 98% removal efficiency).     

方解石粉钝化太湖水中磷的能力及影响因素

利用轻质、重质和纳米方解石粉进行了去除太湖水中磷的实验研究,单位重量方解石粉除磷量与溶液中磷浓度正相关,轻质和重质方解石粉除磷规律符合Langmuir吸附等温式,极限除磷量分别为0.387 mg/g和0.351 mg/g,纳米方解石粉除磷规律符合Freundlich吸附等温式.方解石粉BET比表面积是影响方解石粉除磷能...     

湿热海岸沙漠环境特征与干热沙漠环境特征对比分析

目的 对比分析海岸沙漠与干热沙漠的环境特征。方法 基于对温度、湿度、太阳辐射等典型环境要素的极值、月变化、累计作用日和日变化等的对比研究,掌握2类沙漠环境特征的差异。结果 湿热海岸沙漠常年高温年平均气温接近30℃,最高气温达到47.2℃。干热沙漠环境月温度变化明显。湿热海岸沙漠环境高温累计作用时间长,日最高温超过35℃的天数为190d。受海洋气候的影响,湿热海岸沙漠湿度比干热沙漠高约10%,因此湿热海岸沙漠更容易出现结露的现象。湿热海岸沙漠月辐射量均维持在较高水平,而干热沙漠在冬季月总辐射急剧降低。2种沙漠环境的年均降水量均较小,海岸沙漠环境略大于干热沙漠环境,干热沙漠环境年降水量波动不大。受海洋气候的影响,海岸沙漠环境降水量年分布差异极大。结论 湿热海洋大气作用下的海岸沙漠环境酷热,且高温持续时间极长,湿热海岸沙漠环境中使用的产品需加强耐极端高温和长期高温的环境适应性设计,高分子材料更易变形。相比于干热沙漠,湿热海岸沙漠湿度更高,更易出现结露的现象,金属材料更易发生腐蚀。湿热海岸沙漠总辐射比干热沙漠高,高分材料易发生老化,寿命降低。受海洋气候影响,海岸沙漠降水量年分布差异极大,湿热海...