Ultrasound enhanced activation of peroxydisulfate by activated carbon fiber for decolorization of azo dye

Activated carbon fiber (ACF) has become an emerging activator for peroxydisulfate (PDS) to generate sulfate radical (SO₄^??). However, the relative low activation efficiency and poor contaminant mineralization limited its widespread application. Herein, ultrasound (US) was introduced to the ACF activated PDS system, and the synergistic effect of US and ACF in PDS activation and the enhancement of contaminant mineralization were investigated. The synergistic effect of US and ACF was observed in the PDS activation to decolorize orange G (OG). The decolorization efficiency increased with increasing ACF loading and US power, and PDS/OG ratio from 1 to 40. The activation energy was determined to be 24.065 kJ/mol. The radical-induced decolorization of OG took place on the surface of ACF, and both SO₄^?? and hydroxyl radical (^?OH) contributed to OG decolorization. The azo bond and naphthalene ring on OG were destructed to other aromatic intermediates and finally mineralized to CO₂ and H₂O. The introduction of US in the ACF/PDS system significantly enhanced the mineralization of OG. The combination of US and PDS was highly efficient to activate PDS to decolorize azo dyes. Moreover, the introduction of US remarkably improved the contaminant mineralization.     

Impact of renewable energy on economic growth? Novel evidence from developing countries through MMQR estimations

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study aims to examine the association between economic growth and energy consumption (renewable and nonrenewable). The data was collected from 80...     

Calculating nuclear accident probabilities from empirical frequencies

Since there is no authoritative, comprehensive and public historical record of nuclear power plant accidents, we reconstructed a nuclear accident data set from peer-reviewed and other literature. We found that, in a sample of five random years, the worldwide historical frequency of a nuclear major accident, defined as an INES level 7 event, is 14 %. The probability of at least one nuclear accident rated at level ≥4 on the INES scale is 67 %. These numbers are subject to uncertainties because of the fuzziness of the definition of a nuclear accident.     

Numerical Modeling of Flow Fields and Dispersion of Passive Pollutants in the Vicinity of the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant

This study deals with numerical simulation of flow fields and dispersion of model passive admixtures in the planetary boundary layer in a 10 × 10 km square area, centered on the Czech Republic’s Temelín Nuclear Power Plant. Numerical calculations of three-dimensional flow fields with eight basic wind directions given for the inlet boundary of the computational domain are performed using the FLUENT CFD code with the standard k – ε turbulence model. The resultant modeling of the flow fields provides information as to probable local directions and velocities of flow vectors on a horizontal scale of 100 m, which are consistent with the data given for the boundaries of the calculation area in the framework of a scale of 10 km. The modeled flow fields generate the input data for related Lagrangian simulation of the ground concentration and deposition fields of passive particles assumedly emitted at the site of the Temelín plant. Simulated plumes describe eight cases of potential ground-level distribution of model passive admixtures in the area.     

南极长城站夏季海雾预报的初步研究

基于南极长城站的气象观测(1985-2006年)和NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)的再分析数据,分析了该地区海雾的天气气候特征、海雾与气象要素的关系以及有利于海雾发生的3种典型天气形势,并据此初步建立了长城站夏季海雾预报系统。后报试验表明,该系统对长城站夏季海雾的预报效果较好。     

典型钢渣的易磨性和胶凝活性分析

分析了25家钢铁企业转炉和电炉钢渣的易磨性和胶凝活性,分析结果表明,钢渣中的一些含铁物相,如橄榄石、铁酸钙类物质属于难磨物相,而RO相相对易磨,电炉氧化渣比转炉渣易磨,热闷渣比热泼渣易磨;碱度≥1.8的转炉钢渣的胶凝活性较好,能符合GB/T 20491—2006《用于水泥和混凝土中的钢渣粉》中规定的二级钢渣粉的活性指数要求,而电炉渣由于碱度偏低,胶凝活性较差。     

Concentrations,profiles, emission inventory,and risk assessment of chlorinated benzenes in bottom ash and fly ash of municipal and medical waste incinerators in northern Vietnam

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Concentrations and congener profiles of seven di- to hexachlorinated benzenes (CBzs) were characterized in bottom ash and fly ash samples collected...     

多溴联苯醚在河套农灌区土壤和水体中的分布特征

PBDEs作为一类全球性的新兴持久性有机污染物,因其具有疏水性,土壤和沉积物对其有很强的固着能力,被认为很难进入地下水中。文章在河套平原典型的黄河农灌区采集地下水、地表水以及表层土壤样品,利用GC-μECD和GC-MS方法测定发现,地下水和地表水中均检测到PBDEs,且主要为BDE209,其在地下水中含量高达5.3μg/L,而地表水中仅为0.03μg/L,揭示PBDEs存在污染地下水的可能性。对土壤中PBDEs的分析发现,其优势同系物为BDE47、100、183和99,主要富集在地面以下0~5 cm和10~15 cm处,该范围普遍发现农用地膜(PBDEs≤5μg/g)的残留物。此外,研究区主要农作物(玉米、番茄、瓜类、小麦和葵花)中,广泛利用地膜的玉米种植土壤中PBDEs的含量最高,达77.13 ng/g。研究显示,降雨淋滤以及灌溉水入渗作用下,地膜中PBDEs的释放可能是研究区土壤以及地下水中PBDEs不可忽略的重要污染源。