Wire-on-bolt试验样品参数设计研究

Wire-on-bolt技术是一种大气腐蚀性快速评估技术。设计合理的试验样品参数是Wire-on-bolt技术研究的一项重要内容。根据不同参数样品的大气暴露试验数据,分析了各项样品参数对金属丝腐蚀率的影响。最终确定试验样品的电偶材料为T2铜和1100铝,铜螺栓为M25×6普通螺纹,铝丝长度为1 m、直径为3 mm。     

HRT对CSTR亚硝化颗粒污泥性能影响

在CSTR中控制稳定的进水氨氮负荷,基于对粒径分布、胞外聚合物（EPS）组分和功能菌动力学活性的分析,考察水力停留时间（HRT）对颗粒污泥形态、氮转化效能和微生物动力学活性的影响,并采用MiSeq高通量测序技术分析污泥中微生物菌群结构.结果表明,HRT从4 h逐渐缩短至1 h,反应器中氨氮去除率从80%逐渐提高至95%,亚硝酸盐累积率始终大于85%.缩短HRT可显著改变颗粒污泥粒径分布,0.3~0.8 mm的颗粒逐渐占主导,约达50%,粒径小于0.3 mm和大于1.6 mm的颗粒逐渐减少.HRT对功能微生物活性影响与颗粒大小有关.系统中变形菌门（Proteobacteria）占绝对优势,亚硝化单胞菌属（Nitrosomomas）为代表的AOB富集度高达56%以上,缩短HRT有利于AOB的富集.     

Numerical Modeling of Flow Fields and Dispersion of Passive Pollutants in the Vicinity of the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant

This study deals with numerical simulation of flow fields and dispersion of model passive admixtures in the planetary boundary layer in a 10 × 10 km square area, centered on the Czech Republic’s Temelín Nuclear Power Plant. Numerical calculations of three-dimensional flow fields with eight basic wind directions given for the inlet boundary of the computational domain are performed using the FLUENT CFD code with the standard k – ε turbulence model. The resultant modeling of the flow fields provides information as to probable local directions and velocities of flow vectors on a horizontal scale of 100 m, which are consistent with the data given for the boundaries of the calculation area in the framework of a scale of 10 km. The modeled flow fields generate the input data for related Lagrangian simulation of the ground concentration and deposition fields of passive particles assumedly emitted at the site of the Temelín plant. Simulated plumes describe eight cases of potential ground-level distribution of model passive admixtures in the area.     

南极长城站夏季海雾预报的初步研究

基于南极长城站的气象观测(1985-2006年)和NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)的再分析数据,分析了该地区海雾的天气气候特征、海雾与气象要素的关系以及有利于海雾发生的3种典型天气形势,并据此初步建立了长城站夏季海雾预报系统。后报试验表明,该系统对长城站夏季海雾的预报效果较好。     

Concentrations,profiles, emission inventory,and risk assessment of chlorinated benzenes in bottom ash and fly ash of municipal and medical waste incinerators in northern Vietnam

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Concentrations and congener profiles of seven di- to hexachlorinated benzenes (CBzs) were characterized in bottom ash and fly ash samples collected...     

猪粪化肥配施对双季稻田CH4和N2O排放及其全球增温潜势的影响

以湖南典型红壤双季稻田系统为研究对象,采用静态箱-气相色谱法研究了水稻生长季基肥配施猪粪条件下CH4和N2O的排放特征,并估算了排放的CH4和N2O的全球增温潜势(GWP).结果表明,与施用化肥处理相比,猪粪化肥配施对稻田CH4和N2O排放的季节变化模式无明显影响,但影响其排放量大小.两个稻季,猪粪替代50%化学氮肥处理(1/2N+PM)CH4累积排放量较不施氮肥处理(0N)、50%化学氮肥处理(1/2N)、100%化学氮肥处理(N)分别提高54.83%、33.85%和43.30%(P<0.05);1/2N+PM处理N2O累积排放量较N处理显著降低67.50%,较0N处理、1/2N处理分别提高129.43%、119.23%(P<0.05).水稻生长季CH4是GWP的主要贡献者,占CH4和N2O综合GWP的99%以上.1/2N+PM处理的GWP显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),且1/2N+PM处理单位产量GWP最高,较N处理、1/2N处理、0N处理分别提高58.21%、26.82%、20.63%.因此,双季稻田猪粪替代部分化学氮肥较全部施用化学氮肥增加了双季稻田CH4和N2O排放的综合温室效应,其对温室气体排放的影响需在区域温室气体排放清单中加以考虑.     

Removal of estrogens by electrochemical oxidation process

Treatments of estrogens such as Estrone(E1), Estradiol(E2) and Ethinylestradiol(EE2) were conducted using an electrolytic reactor equipped with multi-packed granular glassy carbon electrodes.Experimental results showed that E1, E2 and EE2 were oxidized in the range of 0.45–0.85 V and were removed through electro-polymerization. Observed data from continuous experiments were in good agreement with calculated results by a mathematical model constructed based on mass transfer limitation. In continuous treatment of trace estrogens(1 μg/L), 98% of E1, E2 and EE2 were stably removed. At high loading rate(100 μg/L), removal efficiency of E1 was kept around 74%–88% for21 days, but removal efficiency reduced due to passivation of electrodes. However, removal efficiency was recovered after electrochemical regeneration of electrodes in presence of ozone. Electric energy consumption was observed in the range of 1–2 Wh/m3. From these results, we concluded that the present electrochemical process would be an alternative removal of estrogens.     

络合萃取法处理甲苯二异氰酸酯氢化废水的试验研究

研究络合萃取处理甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）生产氢化废水的工艺过程,考察了pH值、萃取相比、萃取温度、萃取时间等因素对萃取效果的影响,并通过正交试验对工艺条件进行优化,结果表明：采用酸性含磷类萃取剂,煤油为稀释剂,在pH值为8.0、萃取温度为25℃、萃取时间为3 min、萃取相比为1.5︰1优化条件下,对氢化废水中苯胺类的萃取率大于97％。负载萃取剂以31%的盐酸作反萃剂,反萃取相比为20︰1条件下可实现完全再生,反萃液经处理可回收2,4-二氨基甲苯和2,6-二氨基甲苯。     

河北省廊坊市大气污染扩散气象条件影响分析

对廊坊市1960—2012年气象资料和2012—2013年廊坊市空气质量监测资料进行了统计分析,结果发现:由于风速偏小,低层逆温日数多,中性及稳定天气偏多等气象条件,加之城镇化的发展使得廊坊市区大气污染扩散气象条件更加不利。雨雪对空气有净化作用,尤其是降雨的净化作用更加明显。风速、风向对空气中不同的污染物影响不同,平均风速大于5 m/s或瞬时风速大于8 m/s是造成廊坊PM10迅速增大的临界指标。针对廊坊城区大气污染的成因进行了分析。