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91.
92.
The integration of the environmental dimension into sectoral and regional policies constitutes a dominant concern of the current EU strategy for sustainable development. Thus, physical planning as an instrument of environmental policy and its combination with environmental planning, both at a policy as well as implementation level is a key pursuit in almost all European countries. In Greece, the adoption of a concept about a rational and unified approach of physical and environmental planning has met with many difficulties. The aim of this paper is to contribute towards a critical approach of recent developments, mainly in the field of the institutional framework for spatial and environmental planning in Greece. 相似文献
93.
Lee P. Shulman MD Sherman Elias Richard N. Andersen Owen P. Phillips Aubrey Milunsky Karen A. Holbrook Lynne T. Smith Jo-David Fine Joe Leigh Simpson 《黑龙江环境通报》1991,11(11):813-818
Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, Herlitz variant (junctional EB-Herlitz) is a lethal autosomal recessive skin disorder currently amenable to prenatal diagnosis only by direct analysis of fetal skin. However, elevated levels of alpha-fetoprotein, as well as the presence of acetylcholinesterase in amniotic fluid, have been associated with other severe fetal genodermatoses. Fetal skin samplings were performed in ten pregnancies at risk for fetal junctional EB-Herlitz, with three fetuses affected on the basis of electron microscopic detection of blisters within the lamina lucida and abnormal hemidesmosomes. In neither affected nor unaffected pregnancies were maternal serum or amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein levels elevated. Moreover, alphafetoprotein levels in both maternal serum and amniotic fluid were not statistically different comparing affected and unaffected fetuses. Acetylcholinesterase was not present in the amniotic fluid samples of the three affected pregnancies. Unlike other severe fetal genodermatoses, neither alpha-fetoprotein nor acetylcholinesterase was predictive of junctional EB-Herlitz. 相似文献
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95.
The lethal effects of aluminum ion (Al3+) in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) raised in concrete tanks were investigated. Tilapias were fed daily with commercial feed enriched with known concentrations of Al3+ and analyzed by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). The concentrations of Al3+ in feces, water, muscle tissue, viscera, and heads were determined every 3 months for a period of 365 days. The Tilapia head was the most affected tissue by Al3+. In general, Al3+ bioaccumulation reached the lethal dose (LD50) after 335 days of experiment as follows: 34.9?mg?kg?1 (muscle tissue), 88.2?mg?kg?1 (viscera), and 126.9?mg?kg?1 (head without gills). After determining Cu2+, Zn2+, and Ca2+ by absorption spectrometry, a decrease in the Ca2+ concentration was noted in the head during the experimental period. These observations were associated with the occurrence of a decalcification in the bone tissue in the presence of Al3+. In contrast, it was found that Zn2+ ions may act as a protective agent against Al3+-induced contamination. 相似文献
96.
Zuhair R. Zahid Zuhair S. Al‐Hakkak Abdul Hussain H. Kadhim Elias A. Elias Iman S. Al‐Jumaily 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(2-3):131-136
It has been repeatedly stressed that the biological effectiveness of chromium depends entirely on its oxidation state. The present work compares the histological effects of ingested trivalent and hexavalent chromium compounds on the mouse testes. The results showed comparable data of food consumption and gain in body weight. Both compounds produced ambiguous levels of degeneration in the outmost cellular layers of a number of seminiferous tubules, reduced the number of spermatogonia per tubule and the sperm count, and caused significant increases in the percentage of morphologically abnormal sperms. Generally, all these effects were more pronounced in animals which ingested the hexavalent chromium. 相似文献
97.
During a 10-year period, 1988-1998, surface soil samples have been collected at Blentarp in southern Sweden and analysed for 137Cs from the Chernobyl accident and from the nuclear weapons tests. The distance between the sampling plots on the different sampling occasions has been no more than 3 m. The results show that the depth distribution of 137Cs is very similar for each of the sampling occasions, indicating that the caesium migration at this site is very small. The total activity measured in the soil cores is in agreement with the calculated activity of 137Cs deposited at the site after nuclear weapons tests and the Chernobyl accident, based on air activity concentration and the amount of precipitation. The calculated deposition of 137Cs originating from the bomb tests amounts to 1.41 kBq m-2 for the period 1962-1986, which is in agreement with the activity of nuclear weapons fallout measured in the soil samples (1.60 kBq m-2 as a mean value of the first four years of sampling). The calculated activity of 137Cs of Chernobyl origin was 0.79 kBq m-2, which agrees well with the value of 0.79 kBq m-2 measured in the soil samples in 1988. 相似文献
98.
Ingestion of antioxidants has been argued to scavenge circulating reactive molecules (e.g., free radicals), play a part in
mate choice (by mediating access to this important resource), and perhaps increase life span. However, recent work has come
to question these relationships. We have shown elsewhere in the polychromatic lizard, Ctenophorus pictus, that diet supplementation of carotenoids as antioxidants does not depress circulating natural reactive oxygen species (ROS)
levels and leads to no corresponding improvement of color traits. However, a much stronger test would be to experimentally
manipulate the ROS levels themselves and assess carotenoid-induced ROS depression. Here, we achieve this by using carbonyl
cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone, which elevates superoxide (SO) formation approximately threefold at 10 μM in this model system.
We then look for depressing effects on ROS of the carotenoids in order to assess whether ‘super-production’ of SO makes carotenoid
effects on elevated ROS levels detectable. The rationale for this treatment was that if not even such elevated levels of SO
are reduced by carotenoid supplementation, the putative link carotenoids, ROS depression, and mate quality (in terms of antioxidant
capacity) is highly questionable. We conclude that there is no significant effect of carotenoids on mean SO levels even at
the induced ROS levels. However, our results showed a significant interaction effect between carotenoid treatment and male
color, with red males having higher ROS levels than yellow males. We suggest that this may be because different pigments are
differently involved in the generation of the integumental colors in the two morphs with concomitant effects on ROS depletion
depending on carotenoid uptake or allocation to coloration and antioxidation. 相似文献
99.
Houria Djoudi Bruno Locatelli Catherine Pehou Matthew J. Colloff Marlne Elias Denis Gautier Russell Gorddard Barbara Vinceti Mathurin Zida 《Ambio》2022,51(10):2137
Indigenous trees play key roles in West African landscapes, such as the néré tree (Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R.Br. ex G.Don). We applied social–ecological network analysis to understand the social–ecological interactions around néré. We documented the benefits néré provides and the multiple social interactions it creates amongst a large range of actors. The flows of rights over the trees and benefits from them formed two hierarchical networks, or cascades, with different actors at the top. The two forms of power revealed by the two cascades of rights and benefits suggest possible powers and counter-powers across gender, ethnicity, and age. We documented how the tree catalyses social interactions across diverse groups to sustain vital social connections, and co-constitute places, culture, and relationships. We argue that a paradigm shift is urgently needed to leverage the remarkable untapped potential of indigenous trees and Cultural Keystone Species in current global restoration and climate change agendas.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-022-01733-z. 相似文献
100.