冷冻设备的防火技术

冷冻是工业生产中广泛的应用操作单元过程,具有易泄漏,操作压力高,易发生冻堵,设备材质易发生冷脆,冷冻剂和载冷体具有腐蚀性,工艺过程中存在引火源等火险特点。对其生产工艺进行了火灾危险性分析,并提出了针对性的防火防爆措施和技术。     

安全生产标准化的实施与效果

介绍了太原钢铁集团第二轧钢厂开展安全生产标准化工作的几点做法及经验。     

A Sensitive Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Method for Detection of Polyimide Degradation by Microorganisms

An electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique was evaluated for monitoring microbial degradation of electronic packaging polyimides. The microbial inoculum was a mixed culture of fungi isolated previously from deteriorated polyimides. The active fungal consortium comprised Aspergillus versicolor, Cladosporium cladosporioides, and a Chaetomium species. After inoculation, fungal growth on the polyimides resulted in distinctive EIS spectra indicative of polymer insulation failure, which directly related to polymer integrity. Degradation appeared to occur in a number of steps and two distinctive stages in the decline of film resistance were observed in the inoculated EIS cells within the 2 and 10 weeks after inoculation. The early stage of resistance decrease may be related to the ingress of water molecules and ionic species into the polymeric materials, whereas the second stage probably resulted from partial degradation of the polymers by fungal growth on the polymer film. The relationship between changes of impedance spectra and microbial degradation of the polymer was further supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations of fungi growing on the surface of the inoculated polyimides. Our data indicate that the EIS can be used in detection of early degradation of resistant polymers and polyimides that are susceptible to biodeterioration.     

偏心不耦合装药爆炸应力场研究及应用

中深孔光面爆破或预裂爆破质量对永久边坡的长期稳定性与安全性至关重要。利用偏心不耦合装药爆炸应力场的全息动光弹研究成果,对传统不耦合装药结构进行了改进,使高边坡光面爆破或预裂爆破效果得到明显改善,减少了因爆破效果不佳而造成悬、浮石滑落的事故隐患。并在实践中取得了一些有益的经验,可供同仁借鉴。     

冶金企业环保设施管理

论述冶金企业搞好环保设施管理的意义,提出了一些管理的办法。     

固定床PVC燃烧脱氯的机理和试验

研究垃圾组分PVC在焚烧过程中HCl的排放和脱除特性的实验在准等温、电加热的水平石英管反应器中进行.随着床温从700℃升高到900℃,HCl的转化率从82.5%平缓增加到88.3%,而过量空气系数的增加促使部分HCl转化为C1₂(1.9%～4.5%)的形式存在.钙基吸收剂CaCO₃,Ca(OH)₂,Ca(CH₃COO)₂对HCl的脱除效率高达68%～79%,而镁基吸收剂的脱氯效率却低于3%.小的吸收剂粒径、高的Ca/Cl比会促进脱氯效率的提高;烟气中CO₂和H₂O对脱氯效率的影响与它们在反应平衡中所起作用有关.高温下燃烧固氯机理反应的平衡常数的计算不仅诠释了实验结果,而且提供了脱氯吸收剂选择的依据.     

Machining efficiency of powder mixed near dry electrical discharge machining based on different material combinations of tool electrode and workpiece electrode

Powder mixed near dry electrical discharge machining (PMND-EDM) is a novel electrical discharge machining (EDM) process. It is proposed to further improve the machining efficiency of dry EDM. The principle of material removal in PMND-EDM is illustrated and its deionization principle is proposed. The influence of residual heat on MRR is analyzed. The concept of superfluous residual heat is proposed. The material removal rate (MRR), the main index of machining efficiency for PMND-EDM process, is researched. Single factor experiments are performed to get effect of peak current, pulse on time, pulse off time, flow rate, tool rotational speed, air pressure and powder concentration on MRR under different material combinations of tool electrode and workpiece electrode. Thermal phenomena in PMND-EDM are illustrated. Effect of each process parameter on MRR of PMND-EDM is gotten and analyzed based on the deionization principle of PMND-EDM. Differences in MRR under different material combinations are found out. Brass tool electrode and W18Cr4V workpiece gain higher MRR under most of discharge conditions, while the superiority of copper tool electrode and 45 carbon steel workpiece in MRR arise when there is improper heat dissipation. The difference is analyzed based on the deionization principle of PMND-EDM.     

Bacterial communities regulate temporal variations of the antibiotic resistome in soil following manure amendment

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The increasing emergence of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) represents a global threat to human health. Land application of animal manure is known...     

Synthesis of a novel ternary HA/Fe-Mn oxides-loaded biochar composite and its application in cadmium(II) and arsenic(V) adsorption

Cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) are two of the most toxic elements. However, the chemical behaviors of these two elements are different, making it challenging to utilize a single adsorbent with high adsorption capacity for both Cd(II) and As(V) removal. To solve this problem, we synthesized HA/Fe-Mn oxides-loaded biochar (HFMB), a novel ternary material, to perform this task, wherein scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with EDS (SEM-EDS) was used to characterize its morphological and physicochemical properties. The maximum adsorption capacity of HFMB was 67.11?mg/g for Cd(II) and 35.59?mg/g for As(V), which is much higher compared to pristine biochar (11.06?mg/g, 0?mg/g for Cd(II) and As(V), respectively). The adsorption characteristics were investigated by adsorption kinetics and the effects of the ionic strength and pH of solutions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed that chelation and deposition were the adsorption mechanisms that bound Cd(II) to HFMB, while ligand exchange was the adsorption mechanism that bound As(V).     

天然菱铁矿去除水中磷的性能研究

采用批次试验研究菱铁矿对水溶液中磷的吸附特性,考察了初始磷浓度、p H值、菱铁矿投加量、粒径、共存离子对吸附的影响,并探讨了吸附动力学和吸附热力学特征.结果表明,当磷溶液初始浓度为20 mg·L-1,初始p H为6.0时,菱铁矿对磷的吸附效果较好,吸附平衡时间为48h.菱铁矿投加量为0.5~10 g时,随着投加量的增加,菱铁矿对磷的吸附效能逐渐提高.相对于NO-3、Cl-而言,SO2-4、HCO-3对菱铁矿去除磷有微弱的抑制作用.动力学研究发现,菱铁矿对磷的吸附过程更符合准二级动力学模型,吸附平衡可由Freundlich等温线方程描述,饱和吸附量为83.5μg·g-1.最后分别计算了288、303和318 K下的吸附热力学参数,发现吉布斯自由能(ΔG)均为负,焓变(ΔH)及熵变(ΔS)为正,表明该吸附过程为自发的吸热反应.