重庆市环境保护2000年"一控双达标”攻坚战的启示

回顾了重庆市环境保护2000年“一控双达标”攻坚战的历程，提出了2000年“一控双达标”攻坚战是重庆市环境保护的一次跨越式发展的命题，总结了攻坚战取得成功的三条重要经验，对今后重庆市环境保护如何实现跨越式发展提出了建议。     

钒的停流──诱导光度法测定及价态分析

依据V~(4+)对Cr~(6+-)I~-氧化还原反应的诱导作用,建立了微量V~(4+)的停流—动力学光度测定方法。方法的线性范围为0～2.1mg·l~(-1):最低检测浓度为0.008mg·l~(-1)。10倍量的V~(5+)不影响测定。测得V~(4+)后,还原V~(5+)为V~(4+),测定总钒量,进而对钒进行价态分析。     

岩溶生态系统中土壤微生物量氮含量及其变化规律

选择果树园和林地两种土地利用类型来研究土壤微生物量氮(Soil microbial biomass nitrogen,SMBN)含量及其与土壤溶解有机氮(Soil dissolved organic nitrogen,DON)、碱解氮的关系。结果表明:SMBN含量范围在5.33~34.61kg·hm-2之间,平均为14.81kg·hm-2,仅为文献中报道的SMBN的3%~37%。SMBN占土壤全氮的比例较小,为0.25%~1.5%,平均为0.754%。SMBN与DON及土壤有机碳等指标变化趋势一致。SMBN易矿化,与碱解氮关系密切,但由于岩溶山区这种特殊的生态环境,使得这种关系不像文献中报道的呈极强的正相关关系,这对于研究岩溶区特定条件下SMBN的变化以及对当地的土地利用类型有一定的参考价值和现实意义。     

用灰色系统理论对乌鲁木齐市大气降水pH值进行预测分析

运用灰色系统理论建立灰色模型ＧＭ，对该模型进行了检验和残差修正。并用其模型分析和预测乌鲁木齐市１９９４＝１９９８年大气降水ｐＨ值。     

河南省某市驾校地表灰尘重金属污染及健康风险评价

采集某市29所驾校地面灰尘混合样品,用ICP-MS法测定样品Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni和Co含量,AFS法测定As和Hg含量,用污染负荷指数(PLI)评价重金属污染,用美国国家环保局(US EPA)推荐的健康风险模型评价3种情景下(情景1、2、3分别为在驾校工作10、20和30 a)的重金属暴露健康风险.结果表明,驾校灰尘除Co和Ni外,其他重金属都不同程度地高于当地背景值;9种重金属的平均PLI为2.38,总体上呈中度污染,Zn、Pb和Cd积累最为严重,总体上呈重度污染;位于工业企业附近的驾校J20和J26存在非致癌风险(HI1),Pb是最主要的非致癌风险因子,其他驾校均不存在非致癌风险;驾校J20在情境2、3下As的致癌风险指数(RAs)大于10-4,存在致癌风险,As是最主要的致癌风险因子,其他驾校在3种情景下均无致癌风险;手-口摄入重金属是最主要的非致癌和致癌风险暴露途径;驾校灰尘重金属含量及其健康风险与建校时间、教练车密度并不显著相关,而与其周边环境、前期土地利用状况密切相关.     

我国可持续能源工业发展思考

中国一次能源消费结构严重滞后于世界能源工业发展，但中国具有发展天然气、核电、水电等洁净能源的巨大前景，因此大力发展天然气、核电等能源是中国建立可持续能源工业的重要选择。     

我国水资源污染与饮用水安全性研究

对我国水资源状况和饮用水安全性进行了分析研究,结果表明：我国水资源贫乏,水资源环境污染日益严重。许多水厂不得不面临着使用更多的水质不符合要求的受污染水源原水作为生活饮用水水源。水污染主要是有机物和氨氮污染,常规净水工艺系统难以将这些污染物有效除去,降低了饮用水水质,对人体健康构成潜在威胁。随着人们生活水平的提高和健康安全意识的不断增强,对饮用水水质标准提出了更高要求。为从受污染的水源原水中除去对人体健康有害的污染物,提高饮用水的安全可靠性,强化传统工艺、替换传统的消毒剂、吸附、膜过滤和生物预处理等净水技术得到了国内外广泛重视和关注,尤其是经济、高效的生物除污染技术。     

典型废弃物焚烧炉飞灰中溴代二噁英和呋喃的分析研究

采用溴代二噁英和呋喃(PBDD/F)的高分辨气相色谱/质谱联用(HRGC/HRMS)检测分析方法,对不同类型的焚烧炉(医疗废物焚烧炉、炉排炉生活垃圾焚烧炉、工业废物焚烧炉和流化床生活垃圾焚烧炉)飞灰进行了PBDD/Fs的分布特性分析.结果表明:(1)所有样品中均没有发现六溴代二噁英和呋喃,主要都以四、五溴代二噁英和呋喃...     

Cost-Effective Control of Ground-Level Ozone Pollution in and around Beijing

Abstract

Ground level ozone pollution has become a significant air pollution problem in Beijing. Because of the complex way in which ozone is formed, it is difficult for policy makers to identify optimal control options on a cost-effective basis. This paper identifies and assesses a range of options for addressing this problem. We apply the Ambient Least Cost Model and compare the economic costs of control options, then recommend the most effective sequence to realize pollution control at the lowest cost. The study finds that installing of Stage II gasoline vapor recovery system at Beijing’s 1446 gasoline stations would be the most cost-effective option. Overall, options to reduce ozone pollution by cutting vehicular emissions are much more cost-effective than options to “clean up” coal-fired power plants.     

Land Surface Phenology and Land Surface Temperature Changes Along an Urban–Rural Gradient in Yangtze River Delta, China

Using SPOT/VGT NDVI time series images (2002–2009) and MODIS/LST images (2002–2009) smoothed by a Savitzky–Golay filter, the land surface phenology (LSP) and land surface temperature (LST), respectively, are extracted for six cities in the Yangtze River Delta, China, including Shanghai, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Changzhou, Wuxi, and Suzhou. The trends of the averaged LSP and LST are analyzed, and the relationship between these values is revealed along the urban–rural gradient. The results show that urbanization advances the start of the growing season, postpones the end of the growing season, prolongs the growing season length (GSL), and reduces the difference between maximal NDVI and minimal NDVI in a year (NDVI_amp). More obvious changes occur in surface vegetation phenology as the urbanized area is approached. The LST drops monotonously and logarithmically along the urban–rural gradient. Urbanization generally affects the LSP of the surrounding vegetation within 6 km to the urban edge. Except for GSL, the difference in the LSP between urban and rural areas has a significant logarithmic relationship with the distance to the urban edge. In addition, there is a very strong linear relationship between the LSP and the LST along the urban–rural gradient, especially within 6 km to the urban edge. The correlations between LSP and gross domestic product and population density reveal that human activities have considerable influence on the land surface vegetation growth.