在地震勘探作业中实施"绿色勘探"

根据国家和中国石油天然气集团公司有关清洁发展、环境保护的要求,结合地震勘探生产作业的特点和实际情况,提出在地震勘探作业中实施绿色勘探需要开展的主要工作,以及完成这些工作所要具备的必要条件.     

Characterization of mechanochemical treated fly ash from a medical waste incinerator

The mechanochemical treatment of fly ash generated from a medical waste incinerator was subjected to grinding for 2 hr at 400 r/min in a planetary ball mill. The treated fly ash was characterized by a suite of analytical methods including High Resolution Gas Chromatograph/High Resolution Mass Spectrometer, Mastersizer 2000 Particle Size Analyzer, QUADRASORBTM SI Surface Area Analyzer, Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray di raction. Results showed that abatement e ciency of polychlorinated dibenzop- dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs) in terms of total concentration averagely amount to 76% which was relatively higher than that of I-TEQ concentration averagely amount to 56%; the most concentration of toxic congeners as well as isomers of PCDDs/Fs decreased after mechanochemical treatment. The treated fly ash was characterized by a more homogeneous distribution of concaves as well as the significant decreasing in overall particle size and great enlargement in surface area. The major crystallization phases or intensities were considerably changed by mechanochemical treatment, of which a new phase containing chlorine formed may be a possible factor suggesting chlorination reaction occurring on the crystalline surface.     

基于熵权的密切值法在内蒙古东胜煤田阿不亥普查区水质评价中的应用

为了给地下水污染的防治和预测提供理论基础。详细论述了应用基于熵权的密切值法进行地下水水质综合评价的方法原理和计算步骤,并将其应用于内蒙古东胜煤田阿不亥普查区的地下水水质综合评价中,得到了客观、合理的评价结果,评价结果表明内蒙古东胜煤田阿不亥普查区地下水水质均较好。适宜饮用,对评价结果影响较大的为Cl^-。     

发展清洁化学 保护生态环境

传统的化学工业在为人类社会发展提供强大物质基础的同时,由于工艺和原料的原因,也不可避免带来了严重的环境污染问题,对生态环境构成严重威胁。清洁化学的出现,为我们解决环境污染问题带来了新的希望。     

铁屑内电解法处理EDTA溶液中络合铜离子

采用批式试验和现代仪器分析研究了铁屑内电解法处理EDTA溶液中络合铜离子,考察了溶液浓度、溶液pH、温度和铁屑粒径等因素对铜离子去除过程的影响.结果表明,铜离子去除过程符合表观一级动力学方程.在pH 2.0～11.0范围内,pH值越低越利于铜离子去除;在酸性条件下溶液pH随内电解进行升高,在碱性条件下溶液pH随内电解进...     

电化学技术在印制电路板含铜废液处理的应用

电化学技术因具有工艺灵活、易于控制和环境友好等优点倍受研究者关注.简要介绍了常用的电化学技术,包括内电解、常规电解和膜电解等基本原理.综述了上述电化学技术在印制电路板含铜废液再生或铜电解回收中的应用概况,分析了各种技术的优缺点,并展望了处理含铜废液电化学技术的发展前景.     

污水处理厂臭气分析与控制对策

污水处理厂臭气分布、扩散规律十分复杂,并且时常受到复杂多变的气象条件的影响,所以对其分布、扩散规律和影响因素的全面把握是科学进行臭气控制的前提。通过对北京某大型污水处理厂的臭气情况和气象条件的监测、分析,研究该厂臭气在空间和时间上的分布规律以及气象条件对臭气分布、扩散的影响,并提出污水处理厂臭气控制的总体对策。     

Smog chamber study on the evolution of fume from residential coal combustion

Domestic coal stoves are widely used in countryside and greenbelt residents in China for heating and cooking, and emit considerable pollutants to the atmosphere because of no treatment of their exhaust, which can result in deteriorating local air quality. In this study, a dynamic smog chamber was used to investigate the real-time emissions of gaseous and particulate pollutants during the combustion process and a static smog chamber was used to investigate the fume evolution under simulate light irradiation. The real-time emissions revealed that the total hydrocarbon (THC) and CO increased sharply after ignition, and then quickly decreased, indicating volatilization of hydrocarbons with low molecular weight and incomplete combustion at the beginning stage of combustion made great contribution to these pollutants. There was evident shoulder peak around 10 min combustion for both THC and CO, revealing the emissions from vitrinite combustion. Additionally, another broad emission peak of CO after 30 min was also observed, which was ascribed to the incomplete combustion of the inertinite. Compared with THC and CO, there was only one emission peak for NOx, SO₂ and particular matters at the beginning stage of combustion. The fume evolution with static chamber simulation indicated that evident consumption of SO₂ and NOx as well as new particle formation were observed. The consumption rates for SO₂ and NOx were about 3.44% hr^-1 and 3.68% hr^-1, the new particle formation of nuclei particles grew at a rate of 16.03 nm/hr during the first reaction hour, and the increase of the diameter of accumulation mode particles was evident. The addition of isoprene to the diluted mixture of the fume could promote O₃ and secondary particle formation.     

PCDD/Fs in soil around a hospital waste incinerator: comparison after three years of operation

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) can be formed during the cooling of flue gases in waste incinerator. These pollutants are either in the gas phase or attached to the fine particles, escaping dust collection. After stack emission, they are slowly oxidized photochemically (gas phase), or eventually are deposited (dry and wet deposition of particulate) in earth surface. In 2007 and 2010, 11 soil samples were collected in the vicinity of a hospital waste incinerator (HWI), prior and after its startup. In order to find out any variation of PCDD/Fs in soil, in brief dioxins, their concentrations were analyzed by high-resolution gas chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). Compared to the baseline survey (2007), PCDD/Fs in soil significantly increased, by average, +81.6% in total PCDD/Fs and +132.7% in international toxic equivalency (I-TEQ) unit. By principal component analysis (PCA), both the PCDD/Fs homologue and the HxCDF isomer profile in soil were found to become more similar with fly ash. Generally, this incinerator influences the soil only in a limited area. More comprehensive supervision, stricter management and more advanced technology should be implemented in this plant to reduce pollutants emission, even though the level of PCDD/Fs in soil is quite low at present.     

固定化产黄青霉废菌体吸附铅与脱附平衡

研究固定化产黄青霉废菌体对Ｐｂ２＋的吸附与脱附平衡的结果表明,Ｐｂ２＋的生物吸附受ｐＨ值的影响很大,温度的影响则很小．ＥＤＴＡ是洗脱固定化产黄青霉废菌体上所吸附Ｐｂ２＋的最佳脱附剂．在保持脱附率为１００％的条件下,ＥＤＴＡ的初浓度、固定化废菌颗粒的吸附量与最大固液比之间存在正相关关系．０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＥＤＴＡ在脱附Ｐｂ２＋时终浓度最高可达２０７００ｍｇ／Ｌ,最大固液比可达２９０以上,浓缩因子可达１１３,对废水中的Ｐｂ２＋有很好的回收作用