Advanced nitrogen removal by pulsed sequencing batch reactors (SBR) with real-time control

The feasibility of pH and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) as on-line control parameters to advance nitrogen removal in pulsed sequencing batch reactors (SBR) was evaluated. The pulsed SBR, a novel operational mode of SBR, was utilized to treat real municipal wastewater accompanied with adding ethanol as external carbon source. It was observed that the bending-point (apex and knee) of pH and ORP profiles can be used to control denitrification process at a low influent C/N ratio while dpH/dt can be used to control the nitrification and denitrification process at a high influent C/N ratio. The experimental results demonstrated that the effluent total nitrogen can be reduced to lower than 2 mg/L, and the average total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was higher than 98% by using real-time controll strategy. __________ Translated from Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control, 2006, 7(12): 32–35 [译自: 环境污染治理技术与设备]     

Moisture distribution in sludges based on different testing methods

Moisture distributions in municipal sewage sludge, printing and dyeing sludge and paper mill sludge were experimentally studied based on four different methods, i.e., drying test, thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) test, thermogravimetricdifferential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) test and water activity test. The results indicated that the moistures in the mechanically dewatered sludges were interstitial water, surface water and bound water. The interstitial water accounted for more than 50% wet basis (wb) of the total moisture content. The bond strength of sludge moisture increased with decreasing moisture content, especially when the moisture content was lower than 50% wb. Furthermore, the comparison among the four different testing methods was presented.The drying test was advantaged by its ability to quantify free water, interstitial water, surface water and bound water; while TG-DSC test, TG-DTA test and water activity test were capable of determining the bond strength of moisture in sludge. It was found that the results from TG-DSC and TG-DTA test are more persuasive than water activity test.     

自然保护区评价研究的进展

本文论述了自然保护区评价这一新学科在近30年内的发展史,同时介绍了自然保护区评价的几个组成部分和一些基本概念,分析了其存在的不足和有待解决的问题。     

超声波有机改性凹凸棒土的苯酚吸附性能研究

采用超声波技术,对凹凸棒土进行有机改性,提高凹凸棒土的苯酚吸附能力,比较了不同的阳离子表面活性剂的改性效果,并且通过正交实验得出了超声波改性的最优化工艺条件为:十八烷基三甲基氯化铵的添加比例为35mmol/100g,超声波处理时间10min,屏极电流0·5A。在此条件下,苯酚去除率可达酸处理凹凸棒土的80倍以上,是搅拌有机改性的1.5倍。     

有机氯对废弃物衍生焦炭结构和反应活性的影响

采用聚氯乙烯（PVC）为氯源与废弃物典型组分等量混合后在500 ℃氮气气氛条件下制成焦炭样品,通过热重（TGA/DTG）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱（EDS）和拉曼光谱分析手段,对样品进行了焦炭碳结构和反应活性分析.结果表明,有机氯会抑制废弃物衍生焦炭的活性,使淀粉热解焦炭最大反应速率从0.15 min^-1下降至0.13 min^-1.动力学方面,淀粉（60.575 kJ·mol^-1）和纤维素焦炭（101.686 kJ·mol^-1）样品的表观活化能均小于其与PVC混合物的热解焦炭;而PVC的添加则会使淀粉和纤维素热解焦炭中的C结构更趋于无序化.微观角度方面,添加PVC后的焦炭表面同样呈现出纤维丝状结构,但气壁更加粗糙,表面有较多的褶皱,破坏了由废弃物内在碱金属催化形成的孔隙结构,使得焦炭表面结构破碎化程度更高.     

北京市工业污染源大气污染物排放特征

北京市工业污染源大气污染物排放比较严重，其TSP，PM10，PM2．5，SO2，NOx和CO的排放量均占北京市固定污染源排放量的54％以上，煤烟型污染是工业污染的主要部分，占源污染物排放量比面源大，污染物排放主要集中在电力行业和冶金行业，污染源主要分布在城八区中的外四区，特别是工业比较集中的石景山地区和朝阳区，工业污染源排放的颗粒物中细颗粒物比例较高。     

某综合楼墙体开裂原因及加固处理

对某综合楼墙体开裂原因进行了分析。并根据分析，判定结果提出了合理的加固处理方案。保证了房屋的安全使用，实践证明此方案是可靠和可行的。     

Preliminary study of the correlation between trace elementsin human hair, liver and kidney by protoninduced X-ray emission analysis

This paper deals with the determination of trace elements in normal human hair, liver and kidney by Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) analysis. Sampling, specimen preparation and experimental procedures are described in detail. The accuracy of our system has been checked up with the determination of standard reference materials. The preliminary results on correlations between trace elements in human tissues are discussed. Application of the method described in the paper gives evidence in favour of the PIXE as a good tool on environmental life elements and health studies.     

唐山采煤塌陷地复垦利用技术途径

唐山市被列入国家级采煤塌陷地综合治理示范区以来，加大了塌陷区的复垦力度，使采煤塌陷地复垦率和利用效率有了很大提高。本文介绍了唐山采煤塌陷土地破坏及复垦利用现状，总结了几种复垦利用途径和模式，可供我国同类矿区借鉴。     

10kt/a硫磺回收装置技术特点及运行分析

主要介绍了引进装置的设计特点，对装置运行中存在的问题进行了分析总结，并为装置长周期运行提出了要求。