成分法计算钢铁的生态足迹

运用生态足迹成分法,研究了钢铁工业排放废水、废气等的生态足迹占用,并对中国钢铁工业生态足迹及其构成进行实证研究.结果表明,中国钢铁工业总的生态足迹随总产量的增加而增加,由2000年的1.89×108hm2增加到2006年的5.09×108hm2,年均增长率为17.99%,但低于钢铁总产量的年均增长率（21.78%）.单位钢铁产量的生态足迹呈下降趋势,由2000年的1.4685hm2·t-1下降到2006年的1.2150 hm2·t-1.2005年,钢铁工业的生态足迹主要由吸收二氧化碳所需要的林地（27.28%）、铁矿石的生态足迹占用（27.14%）、氮氧化物排放的生态足迹占用（18.94%）和能源地占用（18.70%）组成,四者合计高达92.06%（2005年）.近年来, 中国钢铁工业在节能减排方面取得一定成效, 但钢铁工业高能耗、高污染的特征仍十分明显, 要减少钢铁工业的生态足迹, 关键是要减少能源和铁矿石的消耗, 减少废水和废气的排放.     

多氯联苯污染土壤热脱附预处理过程干化及排放特性研究

利用桨叶式干化实验装置对多氯联苯(PCBs)污染土壤热脱附预处理过程的干化特性进行了研究,结果表明干化温度和搅拌速率的提高均有助于加速干化速率;水分的内部扩散是PCBs污染土壤干化速率的主要影响因素.文章还结合高分辨色谱/质谱联用仪研究了PCBs污染土壤预处理过程中多氯联苯的排放特性,结果显示干化温度升高会促进4氯代到7氯代联苯的释放,并且会增加气相PCBs毒性当量(TEQ) 以及PCBs总量排放百分率.考虑安全和干化效果,干化温度选择在200 ℃以下为宜.     

未来十年中国煤炭碳排放量预测

应对全球气候变化,低碳经济是实现经济社会可持续发展的一种模式。为了对低碳经济进行深入研究,把握中国低碳经济研究文献现状是很有必要的,但运用文献计量学的方法对低碳经济进行定量方面的研究也是相当的必要。本文在对近十年中国煤炭碳排放量计算的基础上,运用移动平均法、滑动平滑法和回归分析法三种方法对未来十年中国煤炭碳排放量进行预测。预测结果表明:与近十年中国煤炭碳排放量相比,未来十年中国煤炭碳排放年均增长率虽有降低,但碳排放增长总量却呈上升的趋势。     

佳木斯市"十一五"期间城市空气质量改善的成因分析

城市空气质量的好坏是直接关系到国民健康和幸福的环境因子,是国家环境保护"十一五"规划中"着力解决危害人民群众健康突出环境问题"的重要内容之一.本文列举了佳木斯市"十一五"以来为改善城市环境空气质量所做出的努力和采取的措施,对城市空气质量改善的成因进行了简要分析,并对进一步改善环境空气质量的提出了思路.     

Advanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal in A2O-BAF system treating low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio domestic wastewater

A laboratory-scale anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process (A²O) with a small aerobic zone and a bigger anoxic zone and biologic aerated filter (A²O-BAF) system was operated to treat low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio domestic wastewater. The A²O process was employed mainly for organic matter and phosphorus removal, and for denitrification. The BAF was only used for nitrification which coupled with a settling tank Compared with a conventional A²O process, the suspended activated sludge in this A²O-BAF process contained small quantities of nitrifier, but nitrification overwhelmingly conducted in BAF. So the system successfully avoided the contradiction in sludge retention time (SRT) between nitrifying bacteria and phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs). Denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (DPAOs) played an important role in removing up to 91% of phosphorus along with nitrogen, which indicated that the suspended activated sludge process presented a good denitrifying phosphorus removal performance. The average removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and NH₄⁺-N were 85.56%, 92.07%, 81.24% and 98.7% respectively. The effluent quality consistently satisfied the national first level A effluent discharge standard of China. The average sludge volume index (SVI) was 85.4 mL·g⁻¹ additionally, the volume ratio of anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic zone in A²O process was also investigated, and the results demonstrated that the optimum value was 1:6:2.     

大贵寺国家森林公园野生青檀居群的遗传多样性

利用ISSR分子标记技术对湖北省大贵寺国家森林公园野生青檀（Pteroceltis tatarinowii Maxim．）居群进行遗传多样性分析。用11条ISSR引物对6个青檀居群64个样品进行扩增,扩增片段长度在200bp至3000bp之间,检测到179个位点,其中多态位点165个,多态位点百分率（P）为92．14％。青檀在物种水平上的Nei基因多样性指数（胁）和Shannon信息指数∽分别为0．273和0．423,在居群水平上分别为0．225和0．343,显示出青檀有着较高的遗传多样性。居群间的遗传分化系数（Gsr）为0．192,表明青檀居群间存在着较大的遗传分化;UPGMA聚类分析表明遗传距离与海拔差距有一定的相关性,相邻海拔的青檀居群间遗传距离较近。不同海拔导致的异质生境可能是影响青檀居群遗传分化的主要原因。     

Catalytic activity,selectivity, and stability of co-precipitation synthesized Mn-Ce mixed oxides for the oxidation of 1,2-dichlorobenzene

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Mn-Ce mixed oxides were prepared using a simple, facile, and high yielding co-precipitation method. The effects of the proportion of Mn/Ce and the...     

医疗废物焚烧炉运行前后5年周边土壤重金属对比分析研究

为研究医疗废物焚烧炉对周边土壤中重金属含量的影响,对某典型焚烧厂周围土壤进行了运行前和运行5年(2007—2012年)后重金属含量的采样分析研究.共采集20个土壤样品、2个飞灰样品,并对其中砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、汞(Hg)、镍(Ni)、铅(Pb)、锑(Sb)、钒(V)、锌(Zn)共10种重金属的含量进行了测定.结果显示,除Pb外,其余金属元素含量都有不同程度的升高.主成分分析表明,医疗废物焚烧厂并不是该区域土壤中重金属的唯一污染来源,还存在其它潜在污染源.健康风险评估结果显示,砷(As)在非致癌及致癌风险评估中都明显超标,必须严格控制砷排放,降低砷在环境中的含量.     

Sustainable Development and the Basic Value of Natural Environment

Abstract

Contrast with artificial environment, the multi-level self-organizational system of nature has great gain. Sustainable material environment should respect nature: non-rubbish and super-cycle quality of natural ecosystem offers the material source of human development, fractal structure of nature offers new field of space and information source to this high-density and information-based society, dissipative structure of nature links the new system of energy with whole ecosystem organically, and life-chain regulation is the base of sustainable life environment. Nature guarantees the physical healthy environment by its all-dimension healthy factor, constructs the mental healthy environment by its quality of co-ordinate and chaos, so that guarantees the whole emergence of sustainable development on the ‘super-science’ level. In the view of sustainable development, construction, green economy and human health are basic fields. With the concept of ecosystem regulation, we can relate these fields organically and fulfill the task of human health, welfare and sustainable development. Ecosystem regulation is the base of sustainable development’s new paradigm.     

电容层析成像技术及其在哈龙灭火剂两相流测量中的应用研究

分析了电容层析成像技术的原理、应用现状,针对灭火管网中常见的哈龙灭火剂与氮气(空气)两相流,研究了将电容层析成像技术应用于哈龙灭火管网内对哈龙灭火剂/氮气(空气)两相流的流动状态以及空隙率进行测量的方法。根据不同物质的介电常数不同,通过电容传感器获取初始数据,然后根据获取的电容测量值和图像重建算法重建哈龙灭火剂/氮气(空气)两相流横截面的图像,最终获得灭火管网内哈龙灭火剂/氮气(空气)两相流的流动状态以及空隙率。