活性炭悬浮填料在MBBR中的对比实验

填料的结构,材质等因素影响到生物膜的性状和水力学特性,是决定移动床生物膜反应器处理效果的关键因素。本文分别选取了5种含活性炭比例不同的填料以及一种不含活性炭的参照填料,分别从亲水性、COD与NH4+-N的去除、微生物量以及微生物种类方面对各填料在相同的运行条件下进行了比较研究。实验结果表明,含活性炭的填料在亲水性能、挂膜速度,生物量浓度等方面比不含有活性炭的填料有明显的优势。在含活性炭的填料中,25%的填料挂膜快,处理效果稳定,受外界环境影响较小。     

晋西黄土区封禁流域植被群落组成及物种多样性变化

以晋西黄土区蔡家川封禁26年的小流域为研究对象,采用样线调查技术,对其植被群落特征进行了调查.结合1996年的调查资料,对6种生境类型在不同封育年限条件下群落的物种组成变化进行了对比分析,并运用物种多样性指数、均匀度指数以及生态优势度对调查区域群落物种多样性进行了分析.结果表明:随着封育年限的增加,乔木树种的比例有所上升,灌木的比例有所下降,群落中乔灌木物种更为均衡;研究区域群落整体上物种多样性指数、均匀度指数均有显著提高,生态优势度有所下降,群落朝着更为丰富、均匀、稳定的方向发展.     

组合型生态浮床对水体修复及植物氮磷吸收能力研究

在天鹅湖水体中构建以水生植物和陆生喜水植物为实验植物,浮法控制器、水循环增氧系统和造浪-输送系统相集合的组合型生态浮床。在中试研究中,研究了其对天鹅湖上覆水和沉积物中营养物质的修复动态。结果表明,经过4个多月的组合型生态浮床生态修复,天鹅湖上覆水中TN、NH4+-N和TP的去除率分别达到61.92%、63.09%和80.0%,沉积物中TN和NH4+-N含量的去除率分别达到23.79%和37.04%,TP含量升高了43.71%;组合型生态浮床的5种浮床植物的氮磷累积量差异显著,再力花和美人蕉对氮磷的吸收速率显著高于菖蒲、薄荷和水稻,再力花和美人蕉对氮的吸收速率达到12.19 g/(m2.d)和7.90 g/(m2.d),对磷吸收分别达到0.81 g/(m2.d)和0.99 g/(m2.d)。美人蕉和再力花对氮磷的吸收量均是茎叶>根系,其中美人蕉茎叶氮、磷吸收量分别为根系的2.73倍和1.93倍,再力花分别为1.83倍和1.19倍,通过浮床系统植物水上部分的收割可以去除水体中的氮磷。     

我国核与辐射安全监督执法能力建设初探

核与辐射安全监管现代化是国家治理体系和治理能力现代化建设的重要组成部分,而实现我国核与辐射安全监管现代化就是要不断推进我国核与辐射安全监管体系和监管能力现代化进程。当前,作为我国核与辐射安全监管能力之一的监督执法能力,其重要性愈来愈突出,如何促进监督执法能力建设这一现实问题已经引起了社会的普遍关注。从我国核与辐射安全监督执法能力的理论基础出发,总结了近年来我国核与辐射安全监督执法能力建设的主要做法以及取得的成效,最后指出存在的不足。     

Risk preference,trust, and willingness-to-accept subsidies for pro-environmental production: an investigation of hog farmers in China

Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - The objectives of this study are to investigate Chinese hog farmers’ minimum willingness-to-accept (WTA) subsidies for complying pro-environmental...     

Coupled biodegradation of p-nitrophenol and p-aminophenol in bioelectrochemical system: Mechanism and microbial functional diversity

Biodegradation mechanisms and microbial functional diversity during coupled p-nitrophenol (PNP) and p-aminophenol (PAP) degradation were studied in a bioelectrochemical system. PNP in the biocathode and PAP in the bioanode were almost completely removed within 28hr and 68hr respectively. The degradation followed the steps including hydrating hydroxyalkylation, dehydrogenating carbonylation, and hydrolating ring cleavage, etc. Metagemomic analysis based on the KEGG and eggNOG database annotations revealed the microbial composition and functional genes/enzymes related to phenol degradation in the system. The predominant bacteria genera were Lautropia, Pandoraea, Thiobacillus, Ignavibacterium, Truepera and Hyphomicrobium. The recognized biodegradation genes/enzymes related to pollutant degradation were as follows: pmo, hbd, & ppo for phenol degradation, nzba, amie, & badh for aromatic degradation, and CYP & p450 for xenobiotics degradation, etc. The co-occurrence of ARGs (antibiotic resistant genes), such as adeF, MexJ, ErmF, PDC-93 and Escherichia_coli_mdfA, etc., were annotated in CARD database during the biodegradation process. The Proteobacteria & Actinobacteria phylum was the primary host of both the biodegradation genes & ARGs in this system. The microbial functional diversity ensured the effective biodegradation of the phenol pollutants in the bioelectrochemical system.     

Sorption of uranyl ions on TiO2: Effects of pH, contact time, ionic strength, temperature and HA

Sorption of U(VI) onto TiO₂ as functions of pH, ionic strength, contact time, soil humic acid (SHA), solid-to-liquid ratio and temperature was studied under ambient conditions using batch and spectroscopic approaches. The sorption of U(VI) on TiO₂ was significantly dependent on pH and ionic strength. The presence of SHA slightly enhanced the sorption of U(VI) on TiO₂ below pH 4.0, while it inhibited U(VI) sorption in the higher pH range. U(VI) sorption on TiO₂ was favored at high temperatures, and the sorption process was estimated to be endothermic and spontaneous. Reduction of U(VI) to lower valent species was confirmed by X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy analysis. It is very interesting to find that U(VI) sorption on TiO₂ was promoted in solutions with higher back-ground electrolyte concentrations. In the presence of U(VI), higher back-ground electrolyte made more TiO₂ particles aggregate through (001) facets, leading more (101) facets to be exposed. Therefore, the reduction of U(VI) was enhanced by the exposed (101) facets and more U(VI) removal was observed.     

我国PM2.5监测网络布局与监测方法体系构建策略分析

本文通过对国内外PM2.5监测网络布局现状的分析和比较,认为我国"十二五"规划的PM2.5监测网络在点位数目和网络布局上基本能够反映我国PM2.5污染状况。为进一步反映PM2.5的污染特征和来源,今后应逐步增加污染监控点位、道路交通点位的设置,并在质量浓度监测的基础上,逐步开展PM2.5主要组分监测。在监测方法选择上,β射线法联用动态加热系统(DHS)PM2.5自动监测仪器和振荡天平法联用膜动态测量系统(FDMS)PM2.5自动监测仪器均能够满足监测工作的需要,综合考虑两种类型仪器的性能指标和运行成本,β射线法联用动态加热系统(DHS)PM2.5自动监测仪器操作相对简单,运行维护成本相对较低,更适合在我国环境空气监测网络内推广和普及。     

从大震救援分析国家地震应急预案存在的问题

应急预案是应对灾害之本,我国现有地震应急管理体系框架下地震应急预案在巨大地震灾害应对中在可操作性方面存在问题。通过大地震现场救援经验总结,分析国家地震应急预案存在的缺陷,提炼我国地震应急预案中需要进一步明确和细化的内容,提出改进应急预案操作性的建议。     

Land Use-Based Landscape Planning and Restoration in Mine Closure Areas

Landscape planning and restoration in mine closure areas is not only an inevitable choice to sustain mining areas but also an important path to maximize landscape resources and to improve ecological function in mine closure areas. The analysis of the present mine development shows that many mines are unavoidably facing closures in China. This paper analyzes the periodic impact of mining activities on landscapes and then proposes planning concepts and principles. According to the landscape characteristics in mine closure areas, this paper classifies available landscape resources in mine closure areas into the landscape for restoration, for limited restoration and for protection, and then summarizes directions for their uses. This paper establishes the framework of spatial control planning and design of landscape elements from “macro control, medium allocation and micro optimization” for the purpose of managing and using this kind of special landscape resources. Finally, this paper applies the theories and methods to a case study in Wu’an from two aspects: the construction of a sustainable land-use pattern on a large scale and the optimized allocation of typical mine landscape resources on a small scale.